UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Mark one

For the transition period from ___________________ to ___________________

Commission File Number 001-09974

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant has required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 45 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of that chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

Yes o No x

As of June 2, 2015, the Registrant had approximately 46,059,000 shares of common stock outstanding.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
FORM 10-Q
April 30, 2015

INDEX

Part 1 Financial Information

Item 1 Financial Statements

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Nine months ended April 30, 2015
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of April 30, 2015
and for the Nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014

(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Enzo Biochem, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Enzo Life Sciences, Enzo Clinical Labs, Enzo Therapeutics and Enzo Realty LLC, collectively referred to as the “Company” or “Companies”. The consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2015, the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and operating results for the interim periods have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosure, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, have been condensed or omitted. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2014 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2014 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2015.

Note 2 – Net loss per share

Basic net income (loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. As a result of the net loss for each of the three and nine month periods ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, diluted weighted average shares outstanding are the same as basic weighted average shares outstanding, and do not include the potential common shares from stock options and unvested restricted stock because to do so would be antidilutive.

For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2015, approximately 1,358,000 and 1,113,000 weighted average stock options were excluded from the determination of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2014, approximately 1,172,000 and 905,000 weighted average stock options were excluded from the determination. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2015, approximately 26,000 shares of unvested restricted stock were excluded from the determination of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2014, approximately 52,000 shares of unvested restricted stock were excluded from the determination.

Note 3 - Supplemental disclosure for statement of cash flows

For the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, income taxes paid by the Company were $103 and $33, respectively. 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, interest paid by the Company was $153 and $161, respectively. 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company financed $388 and $246 respectively, in machinery and transportation equipment under installment loans. 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2015, there was a total of $147 in capital lease agreements. During the nine months ended April 30, 2014, the Company did not enter into any capital lease agreements.

During the nine months ended April 30, 2015, the Company recorded $45 in additional paid in capital and reduced accrued liabilities by the same amount for options previously issued in lieu of cash payment of certain incentive compensation awards.

During the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company issued shares of common stock in settlement of its accrued share-based 401(k) employer match in the amount of $663 and $636, respectively.

Note 4 - Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

Note 5 – Goodwill and intangible assets

At April 30, 2015 and July 31, 2014, the Company’s net carrying amount of goodwill, related to the Clinical Labs segment, is $7,452.

The Company’s change in the net carrying amount of intangible assets, all of which is included in the Life Sciences segment is as follows:

Intangible assets consist of the following:

At April 30, 2015, information with respect to intangibles assets acquired is as follows:

At April 30, 2015, the weighted average useful life of amortizable intangible assets is approximately four and half years.

Note 6 - Loan Payable

On June 7, 2013, the Company entered into a secured Revolving Loan and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, with Enzo Therapeutics as a guarantor, and Healthcare Finance Group, LLC (the “Lender). The Credit Agreement, which expires in December 2016, provides for borrowings against eligible US receivables, as defined, of the Clinical Lab and Life Science segments up to $8.0 million at defined eligibility percentages and provides for additional borrowings of $4.0 million for increased eligible assets. Debt issuance costs of $281 are being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement. If the amount of borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility exceeds the borrowing base then in effect, or the Lender requires a reserve, the Company will be required to repay such borrowings in an amount sufficient to eliminate such excess. Interest on advances, payable monthly, is based on the three month LIBOR rate, with a floor of 1.25% plus an applicable margin of 4.0%, In the event of any default, the interest rate may be increased 3.0% over the current rate. The facility also carries a non-utilization fee of 0.50% per annum, payable monthly, on the unused portion of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement requires a minimum borrowing of $2.0 million. At April 30, 2015 and July 31, 2014, the borrowings under the Credit Agreement related to the Clinical Labs and Life Sciences receivables aggregated $3.0 million with an additional availability of $2.7 million at April 30, 2015

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by primarily all the unencumbered U.S. assets of the Company, excluding buildings and intellectual property which the Lender has a negative pledge, and the capital stock of subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default and requires maximum levels of cash usage and minimum levels of liquidity, as defined, and provides for increased liquidity levels if operating results are not achieved. Negative covenants include among others, limitations on additional debt, liens, loans or investments, distributions, asset sales and affiliate transactions. Events of default include non-payment of principal and interest on debt outstanding, non-performance of covenants, material change in business, breach of representations, bankruptcy and insolvency, material judgments and changes in control. As of April 30, 2015, the Company is in compliance with the financial covenants.

Note 7 – Accrued Liabilities and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following:

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

Note 8 – Other Liabilities

Other liabilities consist of the following:

As of April 30, 2015, future minimum payments under the capital leases, net of interest of $37 aggregates $516, including a short term debt portion of $149 included in other current liabilities. Future minimum payments under the installment loans aggregate $586, including a short term portion of $302 included in other current liabilities. A total of $1.6 million was recorded in other current liabilities and in other liabilities as accrued legal settlement which is further discussed in Note 13 - Contingencies.

Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity

Controlled Equity Offering

On March 28, 2013, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent (“Cantor”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cantor, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $20.0 million (the “Shares”). The Company will pay Cantor a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received under the Sales Agreement. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of the Shares under the Sales Agreement. The offering of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the sale of all of the Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (b) the termination of the Sales Agreement by Cantor or the Company, as permitted therein. The Shares were initially issued pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 which was declared effective on August 5, 2010 and a prospectus supplement, dated March 28, 2013, and more recently under the Company’s current Registration Statement on Form S-3 which was declared effective on August 13, 2013 and a prospectus supplement dated August 1, 2013, filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

During the nine months ended April 30, 2015, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,588,480 shares of Common Stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $4.34 per share and received proceeds of approximately $6.7 million, net of expenses of $207. For the nine months ended April 30, 2014, the Company sold an aggregate of 3,018,112 shares of Common Stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $3.23 per share and received proceeds of approximately $9.5 million, net of expenses of $293.

On December 31, 2014, the Sales Agreement was amended in order for the Company to offer and sell, through Cantor, acting as agent, additional shares of Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of $20.0 million.  In connection with the amendment to the Sales Agreement, the Company also filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement dated December 31, 2014. 

Share-based compensation

The Company has an incentive stock option plan (the “1999 Plan”), an incentive stock option and restricted stock award plan (the “2005 Plan”), and a long term incentive share award plan, (the “2011 Incentive Plan”), which are more fully described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014. The 2011 Plan, which is the only plan from which awards may now be granted, provides for the award to eligible employees, officers, directors, consultants and other persons of stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, and other stock-based awards.

The amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in the periods presented are as follows:

The following table sets forth the amount of expense related to share-based payment arrangements included in specific line items in the accompanying statements of operations:

No excess tax benefits were recognized during the nine month periods ended April 30, 2015 and 2014.

Stock Option Plans

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the nine month period ended April 30, 2015:

As of April 30, 2015, the total future compensation cost related to non-vested options, not yet recognized in the statements of operations, was $0.6 million and the weighted average period over which the remaining expense of these awards is expected to be recognized is eighteen months.

The intrinsic value of stock option awards that vested during the fiscal year represents the value of the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the fiscal year in excess of the exercise price multiplied by the number of options that vested.

Restricted Stock Awards

A summary of the activity pursuant to the Company’s unvested restricted stock awards for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 is as follows:

The fair value of a restricted stock award is determined based on the closing stock price on the award date. As of April 30, 2015, there was approximately $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock-based compensation to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of approximately eighteen months. The fair value of the awards that vested during the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 was $67 and $62, respectively.

The total number of shares available for grant as equity awards from the 2011 Incentive Plan is approximately 1,297,000 shares as of April 30, 2015.

During the nine months ended April 30, 2015, the Company settled its accrual of $663 to match its employees’ 401(k) contributions by issuing 214,984 shares, representing the fair value of the shares at the date of issuance, and adjusted common stock and additional paid in capital by the same amount.

During the nine months ended April 30, 2014, the Company settled its accrual of $636 to match its employees’ 401(k) contributions by issuing 165,646 shares, representing the fair value of the shares at the date of issuance, and adjusted common stock and additional paid in capital by the same amount.

Note 10 - Income taxes

At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company estimates its effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision or benefit on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods.

The Company’s effective tax rate (benefit) provision for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was (3.2%) compared to a 1.5% provision during the three months ended April 30, 2014. The Company’s effective tax rate provision was deminimus for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014. The tax provision or benefit for the periods was based on state, local and foreign taxes, net of the benefit for amortization of foreign intangibles. The Company’s effective tax rate for both periods differed from the expected net operating loss carryforward benefit at the U.S. federal statutory rate of 34% primarily due to the inability to recognize such benefit. The carryforward benefit cannot be recognized because of uncertainties relating to future taxable income in terms of both its timing and its sufficiency, which would enable the Company to realize the federal carryforward benefit.

The Company files a consolidated Federal income tax return. The Company files combined returns with California, Michigan and New York State and City for certain subsidiaries. Other subsidiaries file separate state and foreign tax returns.

Note 11 – Royalty and licensing income

The Company’s Life Science segment has a license agreement with QIAGEN Gaithersburg Inc. (“Qiagen”) that began in 2005, whereby the Company earns quarterly royalties on the net sales of Qiagen products subject to the license until the expiration of the patent on April 24, 2018. During the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded royalty income under the agreement of approximately $0.4 million and $0.7 million respectively. During the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded royalty income under the agreement of approximately $2.1 million and $3.4 million respectively.

Note 12 – Segment reporting

The Company has three reportable segments: Clinical Labs, Life Sciences, and Therapeutics. The Clinical Labs segment provides diagnostic services to the health care community. The Company’s Life Sciences segment develops, manufactures, and markets products to research and pharmaceutical customers. The Company’s Therapeutic segment conducts research and development activities for therapeutic drug candidates. The Company evaluates segment performance based on segment income (loss) before taxes. Costs excluded from segment income (loss) before taxes and reported as “Other” consist of corporate general and administrative costs which are not allocable to the three reportable segments.

Legal fee expense incurred to defend the Company’s intellectual property and other general corporate matters is considered a component of the Other segment. Legal fee expense specific to other segments’ activities has been allocated to those segments.

Management of the Company assesses assets on a consolidated basis only and, therefore, assets by reportable segment have not been included in the reportable segments below. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2014.

The following financial information represents the operating results of the reportable segments of the Company:

Three months ended April 30, 2015

Three months ended April 30, 2014

The following financial information represents the operating results of the reportable segments of the Company:

Nine months ended April 30, 2015

Nine months ended April 30, 2014

Note 13 – Contingencies

On June 7, 2004, the Company and Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut against Applera Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary Tropix, Inc., which became Life Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ:LIFE) and was acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (NYSE:TMO) on February 3, 2014. The complaint alleged infringement of six patents relating to DNA sequencing systems, labeled nucleotide products, and other technology. Yale University is the owner of four of the patents and the Company is the exclusive licensee. These four patents are commonly referred to as the “Ward” patents. On November 12, 2012, a jury in New Haven found that one of these patents (United States Patent No. 5,449,667) was infringed and not proven invalid. The jury awarded $48.5 million for this infringement. On January 6, 2014, the judge awarded prejudgment interest of approximately $12.5 million and additional post-interest on the full amount will also be awarded starting November 7, 2012 until the total award is satisfied. The final award to Enzo could be reduced or be subject to possible claims from third parties. On March 16, 2015, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit vacated that judgment in a decision remanding the matter to the district court for further proceedings. Enzo has moved for reconsideration of that decision by the panel and for en banc rehearing by the full Court. On June 5, 2015, the Federal Circuit remanded the case back to the District Court for further proceedings. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in this litigation. Even if the Company is not successful, management does not believe that there will be a significant adverse monetary impact on the Company.

As of August 1, 2014 the Company was engaged in litigation in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against Roche Diagnostic GmbH and its related company Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. (“Roche”), as declaratory judgment defendant. This case was commenced in May 2004. Roche seeks a declaratory judgment of non-breach of contract and patent invalidity against the Company. Roche has also asserted tort claims against the Company. The Company has asserted breach of contract and patent infringement causes of action against Roche. There has been extensive discovery in the case. In 2011, Roche moved for summary judgment of non-infringement regarding the Company’s patent claims. In 2012, the motion was granted in part and denied in part. In December 2012, Roche moved for summary judgment on the Company’s non-patent claims. Additional discovery was taken and the Company responded to the motions in May 2013. On December 6, 2013, the Court granted in part and denied in part Roche’s summary judgment motion. On October 22, 2014, the Court ordered that damages discovery concerning the Company’s remaining contract and patent claims and Roche’s claims should be completed by January 30, 2015, and expert discovery should be completed following the Court’s not-yet-issued claim construction ruling concerning the Company’s patent infringement claim against Roche. Roche dropped its tort claims during damages discovery. On April 28, 2015, the Court heard oral argument on claim construction issues. On May 8, 2015, Roche and the Company jointly moved the Court to extend the schedule for damages discovery until May 29, 2015, and the Court granted that motion. The litigation in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York between the Company and Molecular Probes, Inc. terminated on May 11, 2015, with a settlement in favor of the Company in the amount of $170. The Company’s former counsel, Greenberg Traurig LLP, is also engaged in litigation against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York concerning Greenberg Traurig’s request for a charging lien relating to its representation of the Company in the Roche and other cases.

On June 20, 2014, the Company, as plaintiff finalized and executed a settlement agreement with PerkinElmer, Inc., and PerkinElmer Health Sciences, Inc. (formerly known as PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Inc.) (together, “PerkinElmer”), with respect to an action between the Company and PerkinElmer before the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, Case No 03-CV-3817. PerkinElmer paid $7.0 million in escrow pursuant to the agreement because of a former counsel’s motion requesting a charging lien for fees allegedly owed for past services rendered to the Company. Because the settlement proceeds are held in escrow, the Company did not include the settlement or any additional amounts which may be payable to the attorney in the financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 or for the nine months ended April 30, 2015.

As previously disclosed, in 2012, the Company received a Subpoena Duces Tecum (the “Subpoena”) from the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General (“OIG”). The Subpoena was issued as part of an investigation being conducted by the US Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York in conjunction with the OIG. While a number of potential issues were raised initially by the government, the investigation came to focus primarily on an alleged failure to collect diagnosis codes from physicians who ordered tests through Enzo Clinical Labs. The time period initially covered by the investigation was from 2004 through 2011. In response to the Subpoena, the Company cooperated with the government. On September 22, 2014, the Company and the U.S. Department of Justice reached a settlement agreement to resolve this matter, in substantive form as disclosed in the Company’s fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2014. During the quarter ended April, 30, 2014, the Company recorded a charge of $2.0 million in the statement of operations under legal settlements, net within the Clinical Labs segment. The settlement amount will be paid with interest over a five-year period. As of April 30, 2015, the Company carried a balance of $0.4 million as other current liabilities and $1.2 million as a non-current liability. Under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to accelerate payments and/or pay up to an additional $1.5 million

based upon (i) a favorable recovery and collection related to the judgment in the Life Technologies matter discussed above, (ii) receipt of additional capital greater than $10.0 million in a fiscal year (in that case, the Company is required to pay 20% of any amount over $10.0 million plus interest, or (iii) sale of the Company. The final settlement covers the time period 2004-2014.

The Company is party to other claims, legal actions, complaints, and contractual disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

Our disclosure and analysis in this report, including but not limited to the information discussed in this Item 2, contain forward-looking information about our Company’s financial results and estimates, business prospects and products in research and development that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. From time to time, we also may provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historic or current facts. They use words such as “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “project”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “will”, and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operations or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products or product approvals, future performance or results of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, interest rates, foreign currency rates, intellectual property matters, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings, and financial results.

We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized, although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and inaccurate assumptions. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could vary materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. As a result, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Investors should bear this in mind as they consider forward-looking statements. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement that we make, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. We are also affected by other factors that may be identified from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, some of which are set forth in Item 1A - Risk Factors in our Form 10-K filing for the July 31, 2014 fiscal year. You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although we have attempted to provide a list of important factors which may affect our business, investors are cautioned that other factors may prove to be important in the future and could affect our operating results. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors or to assess the impact of each factor or combination of factors on our business. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Overview

Enzo Biochem, Inc. (the “Company” “we”, “our” or “Enzo”) is a growth-oriented integrated life sciences and biotechnology company focused on harnessing biological processes to develop research tools, diagnostics and therapeutics and serves as a provider of test services, including esoteric tests, to the medical community. Since our founding in 1976, our strategic focus has been on the development of enabling technologies in research, development, manufacture, licensing and marketing of innovative health care products, platforms and services based on molecular and cellular technologies. Our pioneering work in genomic analysis coupled with our extensive patent estate and enabling platforms have strategically positioned the Company to play an important role in the rapidly growing life sciences and molecular medicine marketplaces.

In the course of our research and development activities, we have built a substantial portfolio of intellectual property assets, comprising 149 key issued patents worldwide, and over 230 pending patent applications, along with extensive enabling technologies and platforms.

We are comprised of three operating segments, of which the Therapeutics and Life Sciences segments have evolved out of our core competencies involving: the use of nucleic acids as informational molecules and the use of compounds for immune modulation and augmented by the previous acquisitions of a number of related companies. The Company’s Enzo Clinical Labs and Enzo Life Sciences reporting units, as described below, are affected by different US and global economic conditions which are included in Item 1A, Risk Factors in our Form 10-K filing for the July 31, 2014 fiscal year.

Below are brief descriptions of each of our operating segments (See Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements):

Enzo Clinical Labs is a regional clinical laboratory serving the greater New York, New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania medical communities. The Company believes having clinical diagnostic services allows us to capitalize firsthand on our extensive advanced molecular and cytogenetic capabilities and the broader trends in predictive and personalized diagnostics. We offer a menu of routine and esoteric clinical laboratory tests or procedures used in general patient care by physicians to establish or support a diagnosis, monitor treatment or medication, or search for an otherwise undiagnosed condition. We operate a full-service clinical laboratory in Farmingdale, New York, a network of approximately 35 patient service centers throughout greater New York, New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania, a standalone “stat” or rapid response laboratory in New York City, and a full-service phlebotomy and an in-house logistics department. Payments for clinical laboratory testing services are made by the Medicare program, healthcare insurers and patients.

The Clinical Lab reporting unit is impacted by various risk factors, including among others, reduced reimbursements from third party payers for testing performed and from recent health care legislation. Despite the growth we have experienced, there can be no assurance future growth can be achieved. The introduction of new molecular and esoteric tests is expected to increase our revenue per test and could offset impacts from the above factors.

Enzo Life Sciences manufactures, develops and markets products and tools to life sciences, drug development and clinical research customers world-wide and has amassed a large patent and technology portfolio. Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. is a recognized leader in labeling and detection technologies across research and diagnostic markets. Our strong portfolio of proteins, antibodies, peptides, small molecules, labeling probes, dyes and kits, many of which are proprietary, provides life science researchers tools for target identification/validation, high content analysis, gene expression analysis, nucleic acid detection, protein biochemistry and detection, and cellular analysis. We are internationally recognized and acknowledged as a leader in manufacturing, in-licensing, and commercialization of over 9,000 of our own products and in addition distribute over 40,000 products made by over 40 other original manufacturers. Our strategic focus is directed to innovative high quality research reagents and kits in the primary key research areas of genomics, cellular analysis, small molecule chemistry, protein homeostasis and epigenetics and immunoassays and assay development. The segment is an established source for a comprehensive panel of products to scientific experts in the fields of cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, diabetes and obesity, endocrine disorders, infectious and autoimmune disease, hepatotoxicity and renal injury.

Enzo Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical venture that has developed multiple novel approaches in the areas of gastrointestinal, infectious, ophthalmic and metabolic diseases, many of which are derived from the pioneering work of Enzo Life Sciences. Enzo Therapeutics has focused its efforts on developing treatment regimens for diseases and conditions in which current treatment options are ineffective, costly, and/or cause unwanted side effects. This focus has generated a clinical and preclinical pipeline, as well as more than 95 patents and patent applications.

Results of Operations
Three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to April 30, 2014

(in 000s)

Comparative Financial Data for the Three Months Ended April 30,

** not meaningful

Consolidated Results:

In the following discussion of consolidated and segment results, the “2015 period” and the “2014 period” refer to the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Clinical laboratory services revenues for the 2015 period were $15.7 million compared to $14.5 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $1.1 million or 8%. The increase was primarily related to incremental volume growth in high value molecular testing.

Product revenues for the 2015 period were $7.9 million compared to $8.7 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.8 million or 9%. The decrease was due to the negative impact of translating revenues denominated in the euro, pound sterling and Swiss franc which depreciated versus the US dollar in the 2015 period compared to the 2014 period ($0.4 million) and declines in sales volume of our proprietary products ($0.2 million) due to a slowing of orders and non-proprietary products ($0.2 million) due to pricing pressure, primarily in US markets.

Royalty and license fee income for the 2015 period was $0.4 million compared to $0.7 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.3 million or 42%. Royalties are primarily earned from the reported sales of Qiagen products subject to a license agreement. Qiagen has experienced declines in its US sales of HPV products which in turn reduces our royalty income. There are no direct expenses relating to royalty and licensing income.

The cost of clinical laboratory services during the 2015 period was $9.7 million compared to $9.8 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.1 million. Gross profit margin increased to 38% in the 2015 period vs 33% in the 2014 period due to higher revenue per test from molecular testing.

The cost of product revenues during both the 2015 and 2014 periods was $3.8 million. Gross profit margins in the 2015 and 2014 periods were 52% and 56% respectively due to product mix and the decline in sales of higher margin products versus the year ago period.

Research and development expenses were approximately $0.8 million during both the 2015 and 2014 periods. Higher expenses in the Life Sciences segment offset lower compensation expenses and research activity in the Therapeutics segment.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $10.1 million during the 2015 period and $10.6 million during the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.5 million or 4%. In the Enzo Life Sciences segment, selling, general and administrative decreased $0.3 million due to the effect of business realignments occurring in fiscal 2014 resulting in lower payroll and related costs, and lower facility costs. The Clinical Lab segment selling, general and administrative decreased $0.2 million due to lower salary and related costs.

The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable, primarily related to the Clinical Labs segment, was $0.6 million for the 2015 period as compared to $0.7 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.1 million or 14%. The decrease is primarily due to improved collection procedures in the Clinical Labs segment.

Legal fee expense was approximately $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively during the 2015 and 2014 periods and represent legal fees and related costs associated with general corporate matters and patent litigation activities.

Legal settlements, net was ($0.2) million and ($3.1) million, respectively in the 2015 and 2014 periods. During the 2015 period, the Company as plaintiff finalized and executed a settlement agreement with Molecular Probes, Inc.

During the 2014 period, the Company as plaintiff finalized and executed a settlement agreement with Affymetrix, Inc. to settle a patent litigation lawsuit in the amount of $5.1 million. Also during the 2014 period, the Company reached a preliminary agreement on the principal terms of a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice relating to their investigation of an alleged failure to collect diagnosis codes from physicians who ordered tests through Enzo Clinical Labs and recorded an estimate of the settlement of $2.0 million. This settlement was finalized in September 2014. The settlements are more fully described in Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

During the 2015 period, the loss on foreign exchange transactions was $0.1 million as compared to a gain of approximately $0.1 million in the 2014 period, resulting in an unfavorable change of $0.3 million. The Company has loans and receivables with its foreign subsidiaries which may be denominated in US dollars or a foreign currency. When re-measuring these amounts into the respective entities’ functional currency, the Company recognizes a loss if those foreign currencies, including the Swiss Franc, Euro and British pound depreciate relative to the US dollar during the period and a gain if those foreign currencies appreciate relative to the US dollar. The loss during the 2015 period was due to the Euro and Swiss franc depreciation of 3% each versus the US dollar, partially offset by 2% appreciation of the British pound.

Segment Results

Clinical Labs

The Clinical Labs segment’s income before taxes was $0.3 million in the 2015 period as compared to a loss of $3.3 million in the 2014 period, an improvement of $3.6 million. The 2014 period loss includes a $2.0 million charge for an estimated legal settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice previously described. Revenue from laboratory services increased by $1.1 million due to growth in high value molecular testing. The 2015 period gross profit of $5.9 million increased $1.2 million as a result of the higher revenues and ongoing process improvement resulting in a slight decrease in the costs of services. The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable decreased by $0.1 million due to continued process review and improvement. Selling, general and administrative decreased $0.2 million due to lower salary and related costs.

Life Sciences

The Life Sciences segment’s income before taxes was $0.9 million for the 2015 period as compared to $6.2 million for the 2014 period, a decrease of $5.3 million. The 2015 period includes $0.2 million and the 2014 period includes $5.1 million for patent litigation settlements previously described. The segment’s gross profit was $4.6 million in the 2015 period, as compared $5.6 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $1.0 million due to decreases in revenues from proprietary and non-proprietary products, and in royalty and license fee income due to declines in our licensee’s US sales of HPV products. The segment’s selling, general and administrative expense decreased $0.2 million due to the effect of business realignments occurring in fiscal 2014 resulting in lower payroll and related costs, and lower facility costs. Due to the depreciation of foreign currencies versus the US dollar, including the Euro and British pound during the 2015 period, the foreign currency loss was $0.1 million compared to a $0.1 gain in the 2014 period, resulting in an unfavorable change of $0.3 million.

Therapeutics

Therapeutics loss before income taxes was approximately $0.1 million in the 2015 period and $0.3 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.2 million due to lower activity and payroll expense.

Other

The Other loss before taxes in the 2015 period was approximately $4.1 million as compared to $3.1 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $1.0 million primarily from the increase in legal fee expense and related costs associated with patent litigation.

Results of Operations
Nine months ended April 30, 2015 as compared to April 30, 2014

(in 000s)

** not meaningful

Consolidated Results:

In the following discussion of consolidated and segment results, the “2015 period” and the “2014 period” refer to the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Clinical laboratory services revenues for the 2015 period were $46.2 million compared to $43.3 million in the 2014 period. The 2015 period’s increase over the 2014 period was $3.0 million or 7% due to growth in high value molecular testing.

Product revenues for the 2015 period were $23.6 million compared to $24.4 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.8 million or 3%. The decrease was due to the negative impact of translating revenues denominated in the euro, pound sterling and Swiss franc which depreciated versus the US dollar in the 2015 period compared to the 2014 period ($0.7 million) and declines in sales of non-proprietary products ($0.1 million), primarily in US markets.

Royalty and license fee income during the 2015 period was $2.1 million compared to $3.4 million in the 2014 period a decrease of $1.3 million or 39%. Royalties are primarily earned from the reported sales of Qiagen products subject to a license agreement. Qiagen has experienced declines in its US sales of HPV products which in turn reduces our royalty income. There are no direct expenses relating to royalty and licensing income.

The cost of clinical laboratory services during the 2015 period was $29.1 million as compared to $28.8 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $0.3 million or 1%. Although clinical laboratory service revenue increased 7%, the higher margin molecular testing almost offset the impact on cost of sales. Clinical Lab gross profit margin was 37% in the 2015 period and 33% in the 2014 period.

The cost of product revenues during the 2015 period was $11.3 million compared to $11.5 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.2 million or 2% due to lower product revenues. The gross profit margin was 52% in the 2015 period versus 53% in the 2014 period.

Research and development expenses were $2.4 million during the 2015 period and $2.5 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.1 million or 3%. Lower expenses in the Therapeutics segment of $0.3 million offset higher expenses of $0.2 million in the Life Sciences segment.

The Company’s selling, general and administrative expenses were approximately $30.1 million during the 2015 period and $31.2 million during the 2014 period, a decrease of $1.1 million or 4%. The Enzo Life Sciences segment selling, general and administrative decreased by $1.2 million due to the positive effects from the business realignments occurring in fiscal 2014 resulting in lower payroll and related costs and facility costs. The Other selling general and administrative slightly increased by $0.1 million. The Clinical Lab segment selling general and administrative was unchanged.

The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable, primarily relating to the Clinical Labs segment, was $1.7 million for the 2015 period as compared to $2.5 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.7 million or 30% and is due to improved collection procedures in the Clinical Labs segment.

Legal expense was $7.2 million in the 2015 period compared to $4.8 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $2.4 million or 51% due to increased legal fees and related costs associated with patent litigation.

Legal settlements, net was ($0.2) million and ($3.1) million, respectively in the 2015 and 2014 periods. During the 2015 period, the Company as plaintiff finalized and executed a settlement agreement with Molecular Probes, Inc. During the 2014 period, the Company as plaintiff finalized and executed a settlement agreement with Affymetrix, Inc. to settle a patent litigation lawsuit in the amount of $5.1 million. Also during the 2014 period, the Company reached a preliminary agreement on the principal terms of a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice relating to their investigation of an alleged failure to collect diagnosis codes from physicians who ordered tests through Enzo Clinical Labs and recorded an estimate of the settlement of $2.0 million. This settlement was finalized in September 2014. The settlements are more fully described in Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest expense was $0.2 million during both the 2015 and 2014 periods and is primarily due to interest incurred on the credit agreement.

During the 2015 period, the loss on foreign exchange transactions was approximately $0.9 million as compared a gain in the 2014 period of $0.5 million, an unfavorable change of $1.3 million. The Company has loans and receivables with its foreign subsidiaries which may be denominated in US dollars or a foreign currency. When re-measuring these amounts into the respective entities’ functional currency, the Company recognizes a loss if those foreign currencies, including the Swiss Franc, Euro and British pound depreciate relative to the US dollar during the period and a gain if those foreign currencies appreciate relative to the US dollar. During the 2015 period, those currencies depreciated between 4.5% and 17.7% relative to the US dollar. During the 2014 period, those currencies appreciated relative to the US dollar.

Segment Results

Clinical Labs

The Clinical Labs segment was breakeven in the 2015 period as compared to a loss before income taxes of $5.7 million for the 2014 period. The 2014 period loss includes a $2.0 million charge for an estimated legal settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice previously described. Clinical laboratory services revenues for the 2015 period were $46.2 million compared to $43.2 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $3.0 million or 7% due to growth in high value molecular testing. The cost of clinical laboratory services during the 2015 period was $29.1 million as compared to $28.8 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $0.3 million or 1%. The increase was due to increased reference lab expense due to the growth in high value molecular testing. Clinical Lab gross profit margin was 37% in the 2015 period and 33% in the 2014 period. The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable was $1.8 million for the 2015 period as compared to $2.5 million in the 2014 period. The decrease is primarily due to continued process review and improvement.

Life Sciences

The Life Sciences segment’s income before taxes was $3.1 million for the 2015 period as compared to $9.3 million for the 2014 period. The 2015 period includes $0.2 million and the 2014 period includes $5.1 million for patent litigation settlements previously described. The segment’s gross profit was $14.4 million in the 2015 period, as compared $16.3 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $1.9 million due to decreases in royalty and license fee income of $1.3 million and gross margin of $0.6 million on lower product revenues. The segment’s selling, general

and administrative expense decreased $1.2 million due to the effect of business realignments occurring in fiscal 2014 resulting in lower payroll and related costs and lower facility costs. Due to the depreciation of foreign currencies versus the US dollar, including the Euro and British pound during the 2015 period, the foreign currency loss was $0.9 million compared to a $0.5 million gain in the 2014 period, resulting in an unfavorable change of $1.3 million.

Therapeutics

Therapeutics loss before income taxes was approximately $0.5 million in the 2015 period and $0.8 million in the 2014 period, a decrease of $0.3 million due to lower activity and payroll expense.

Other

The Other loss before taxes in the 2015 period was approximately $13.3 million as compared to $9.5 million in the 2014 period, an increase of $3.8 million primarily from the increase in legal fee expense and related costs associated with patent litigation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At April 30, 2015, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $14.4 million of which $0.4 million was in foreign accounts, as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $17.5 million, of which $1.1 million was in foreign accounts at July 31, 2014. It is the Company’s current intent to permanently reinvest foreign funds outside of the United States, and its current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund its United States operations. The Company had working capital of $13.5 million at April 30, 2015 compared to $15.8 million at July 31, 2014. The decrease in working capital of $2.2 million was primarily due to the net loss and changes in net operating assets and liabilities and higher information technology infrastructure expenditures, offset by proceeds from issuance of common stock.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 was approximately $8.2 million as compared to $2.7 million for the nine months ended April 30, 2014. The increase in the 2015 period of approximately $5.4 million was primarily due to the increase in net loss of $4.0 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.5 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $1.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The increase in the 2015 period of approximately $0.7 was due to higher capital expenditures.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 was approximately $6.4 million as compared to $8.9 million for the nine months ended April 30, 2014. The decrease of $2.6 million in fiscal year 2015 was due to lower proceeds from the issuance of common stock of $2.8 million, offset by lower net repayments under the Credit Agreement of $0.3 million.

The Company continues to review all operating units to further reduce annual operating expenditures in fiscal 2015. While operating results at the Clinical Labs segment continues to improve there can be no assurance that Clinical Labs will be able to sustain these results. If operating results deteriorate for the Life Science segment, it may be required to record additional impairments of its intangible assets. The Company believes that its current cash and cash equivalents level, utilization of the Controlled Equity Offering program disclosed in Note 9 to the financial statements, which resulted in net proceeds of $6.7 million for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and $11.5 million during the 2014 fiscal year, and available borrowings under the aforementioned Revolving Loan and Security Agreement disclosed in Note 6 to the financial statements for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 are sufficient for its foreseeable liquidity and capital resource needs over the next twelve (12) months, although there can be no assurance that future events will not alter such view. Although there can be no assurances, in the event additional capital is required, the Company believes it has the ability to raise additional funds through equity offerings or other sources of funds. Macroeconomic conditions could limit our ability to successfully execute our business plans and therefore adversely affect our liquidity plans.

See our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 for Forward Looking Cautionary Statements.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes to our Contractual Obligations as reported in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014.

Management is not aware of any material claims, disputes or settled matters concerning third party reimbursement that would have a material effect on our financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon Enzo Biochem, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and judgments also affect related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contractual expense, allowance for uncollectible accounts, inventory, intangible assets and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Product revenues

Revenues from product sales are recognized when the products are shipped and title transfers, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

Royalties

Royalty revenues are recorded in the period earned. Royalties received in advance of being earned are recorded as deferred revenues.

Revenues – Clinical laboratory services

Revenues from Clinical Labs are recognized upon completion of the testing process for a specific patient and reported to the ordering physician. These revenues and the associated accounts receivable are based on gross amounts billed or billable for services rendered, net of a contractual adjustment, which is the difference between amounts billed to payers and the expected approved reimbursable settlements from such payers.

The following table represents the clinical laboratory segment’s net revenues and percentages by revenue category:

The Company provides services to certain patients covered by various third-party payers, including the Federal Medicare program. Laws and regulations governing Medicare are complex and subject to interpretation for which action for noncompliance includes fines, penalties and exclusion from the Medicare programs. See Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other than the Medicare program, one provider whose programs are included in the “Third-party payers” and “Health Maintenance Organizations” (“HMO’s”) categories represents approximately 30% and 27% of the Clinical Labs segment net revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 respectively, and 27% and 24% for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Contractual Adjustment

The Company’s estimate of contractual adjustment is based on significant assumptions and judgments, such as its interpretation of payer reimbursement policies, and bears the risk of change. The estimation process is based on the experience of amounts approved as reimbursable and ultimately settled by payers, versus the corresponding gross amount billed to the respective payers. The contractual adjustment is an estimate that reduces gross revenue, based on gross billing rates, to amounts expected to be approved and reimbursed. Gross billings are based on a standard fee schedule we set for all third party payers, including Medicare, HMO’s and managed care. The Company adjusts the contractual adjustment estimate quarterly, based on its evaluation of current and historical settlement experience with payers, industry reimbursement trends, and other relevant factors.

The other relevant factors that affect our contractual adjustment include the monthly and quarterly review of: 1) current gross billings and receivables and reimbursement by payer, 2) current changes in third party arrangements and 3) the growth of in-network provider arrangements and managed care plans specific to our Company.

Our clinical laboratory business is primarily dependent upon reimbursement from third-party payers, such as Medicare (which principally serves patients 65 and older) and insurers. We are subject to variances in reimbursement rates among different third-party payers, as well as constant changes of reimbursement rates. Changes that decrease reimbursement rates or coverage would negatively impact our revenues. The number of individuals covered under managed care contracts or other similar arrangements has grown over the past several years and may continue to grow in the future. In addition, Medicare and other government healthcare programs continue to shift to managed care. These trends will continue to reduce our revenues.

During the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the contractual adjustment percentages, determined using current and historical reimbursement statistics, were 85.5% and 86.4%, respectively, of gross billings. During the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the contractual adjustment percentages, determined using current and historical reimbursement statistics, were 85.4% and 85.7%, respectively. The Company believes a decline in reimbursement rates or a shift to managed care or similar arrangements may be offset by the positive impact of an increase in the number of tests we perform. However, there can be no assurance that we can increase the number of tests we perform or that if we do increase the number of tests we perform, that we can maintain that higher number of tests performed, or that an increase in the number of tests we perform would result in increased revenue.

The Company estimates (by using a sensitivity analysis) that each 1% point change in the contractual adjustment percentage could result in a change in clinical laboratory services revenues of approximately $3.2 million and $3.0 million for the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, and a change in the net accounts receivable of approximately $0.5 million as of April 30, 2015.

Our clinical laboratory financial billing system records gross billings using a standard fee schedule for all payers and does not record contractual adjustment by payer at the time of billing. Adjustments to our standard fee schedule will impact the contractual adjustment recorded. Therefore, we are unable to quantify the effect of contractual adjustment recorded during the current period that relates to revenue recorded in a previous period. However, we can reasonably estimate our contractual adjustment to revenue on a timely basis based on our quarterly review process, which includes:

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, which is estimated and recorded in the period of the related revenue.

The following is a table of the Company’s net accounts receivable by segment. The Clinical Labs segment’s net receivables are detailed by billing category and as a percent to its total net receivables. At April 30, 2015 and July 31, 2014, approximately 67% and 60%, respectively, of the Company’s net accounts receivable relates to its Clinical Labs business, which operates in the New York, New Jersey, and Eastern Pennsylvania medical communities.

The Life Sciences segment’s accounts receivable, of which $1.2 million or 31% and $1.2 million or 23% represents foreign receivables as of April 30, 2015 and July 31, 2014, includes royalty receivables of $0.2 and $1.0 million, as of April 30, 2015 and July 31, 2014, respectively, from Qiagen Corporation.

Net accounts receivable

Changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:

For the Clinical Labs segment, the allowance for doubtful accounts represents amounts that the Company does not expect to collect after the Company has exhausted its collection procedures. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts in the period the related services are billed and adjusts the estimate in future accounting periods as necessary. It bases the estimate for the allowance on the evaluation of historical collection experience, the aging profile of accounts receivable, the historical doubtful account write-off percentages, payer mix, and other relevant factors.

The allowance for doubtful accounts includes the balances, after receipt of the approved settlements from third party payers, for the insufficient diagnosis information received from the ordering physician which result in denials of payment, and the uncollectible portion of receivables from self payers, including deductibles and copayments, which are subject to credit risk and patients’ ability to pay. As of April 30, 2015, the allowance for doubtful accounts represented 14.0% of total gross accounts receivable, as compared to 14.7% as of July 31, 2014. When estimating the allowance, the Company considers the balance of gross receivables for self-pay patients outstanding 60 days or less, which indicates the quality and overall aging of those receivables which are impacted by the execution of our billing and collection procedures.

During the nine months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company determined an allowance for doubtful accounts less than 210 days and wrote off accounts receivable over 210 days, as it assumed those accounts are uncollectible, except for certain fully reserved balances, principally related to certain third party payers and Medicare. These accounts have not been written off because the payer’s filing date deadline has not occurred or the collection process has not been exhausted. The Company’s collection experience on Medicare receivables beyond 210 days has been insignificant. The Company adjusts the historical collection analysis for recoveries, if any, on an ongoing basis.

The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables from third party payers is critical to its operating performance and cash flows. The primary collection risk lies with patients initially determined to have primary insurance and patients for whom primary insurance has paid but a co-pay or deductible portion remains outstanding. The Company also assesses the current state of its billing functions in order to identify any known collection or reimbursement issues in order to assess the impact, if any, on the allowance estimates, which involves judgment.

The Company believes that the collectability of its receivables is directly linked to the quality of its billing processes, most notably, those related to obtaining the correct information in order to bill effectively for the services provided. Should circumstances change (e.g. shift in payer mix, decline in economic conditions or deterioration in aging of receivables), our estimates of net realizable value of receivables could be reduced by a material amount.

Billing for laboratory services is complicated because of many factors, especially: the differences between our standard gross fee schedule for all payers and the reimbursement rates of the various payers we deal with, disparity of coverage and information requirements among the various payers, and disputes with payers as to which party is responsible for reimbursement.

The following table indicates the Clinical Labs aged gross receivables by payer group which is prior to adjustment to gross receivables for: 1) contractual adjustment, 2) fully reserved balances not yet written off, and 3) other revenue adjustments.