UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

Mark one

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2022

or

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from ___________________ to ___________________

 

Commission File Number 001-09974

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

New York   13-2866202
(State or Other Jurisdiction of   (IRS. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)   Identification No.)
     
527 Madison Ave, New York, New York   10022
(Address of Principal Executive office)   (Zip Code)

 

212-583-0100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant has required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 45 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of that chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Yes No

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class   Trading Symbol   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock $0.01 par   ENZ   New York Stock Exchange

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Large accelerated filer   Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer   Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company    

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 

Yes No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

 

Yes No

 

As of June 6, 2022, the Registrant had 48,720,454 shares of common stock outstanding 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

FORM 10-Q

April 30, 2022

 

INDEX

 

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Financial Statements 1
     
  Consolidated Balance Sheets – April 30, 2022 (unaudited) and July 31, 2021 1
     
  Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) 2
     
  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) 3
     
  Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) 4
     
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) 6
     
  Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 7
     
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 24
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 36
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 36
     
Part II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 37
     
Item 1A.  Risk Factors 37
     
Item 6. Exhibits 37
     
Signatures 38

 

i

 

 

Part 1 Financial Information

Item 1 Financial Statements

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

   April 30,
2022
(unaudited)
   July 31,
2021
 
ASSETS        
Current assets:        
Cash and cash equivalents  $31,130   $13,524 
Marketable securities       29,978 
Accounts receivable, net   11,761    10,198 
Inventories   14,934    12,652 
Prepaid expenses   4,474    4,230 
Total current assets   62,299    70,582 
           
Property, plant, and equipment, net   17,545    16,585 
Right-of-use assets   14,962    17,020 
Goodwill   7,452    7,452 
Intangible assets, net   29    244 
Other, including restricted cash of $1,000 at April 30, 2022 and $750 at July 31, 2021   1,617    1,808 
Total assets  $103,904   $113,691 
           
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY          
           
Current liabilities:          
Accounts payable – trade   7,664    8,123 
Accrued liabilities   13,629    14,301 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities   3,171    3,419 
Other current liabilities and finance leases short term   238    233 
Total current liabilities   24,702    26,076 
           
Finance leases long term and other liabilities   59    115 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current   12,779    14,558 
Long term debt – net   4,177    4,356 
Total liabilities  $41,717   $45,105 
           
Commitments and contingencies – see Note 12   
 
    
 
 
           
Stockholders’ equity:          
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value; authorized 25,000,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding   
    
 
Common Stock, $.01 par value; authorized 75,000,000 shares; shares issued and outstanding: 48,720,454 at April 30, 2022 and 48,471,771 at July 31, 2021   487    485 
Additional paid-in capital   339,023    337,126 
Accumulated deficit   (280,205)   (270,377)
Accumulated other comprehensive income   2,882    1,352 
Total stockholders’ equity   62,187    68,586 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity  $103,904   $113,691 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

1

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)

 

   Three Months Ended
April 30,
   Nine Months Ended
April 30,
 
   2022   2021   2022   2021 
Revenues  $26,222   $32,797   $86,787   $92,918 
                     
Operating costs and expenses:                    
Cost of revenues   16,049    16,751    49,160    49,154 
Research and development   1,133    836    2,697    2,388 
Selling, general and administrative   11,442    12,082    36,960    33,109 
Legal and related expense, net   734    1,061    4,861    3,993 
Total operating costs and expenses   29,358    30,730    93,678    88,644 
                     
Operating (loss) income   (3,136)   2,067    (6,891)   4,274 
                     
Other income (expense):                    
Interest, net   54    60    161    (40)
Other   (716)   (88)   (1,211)   (55)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain   (1,056)   (33)   (1,887)   428 
Total other (expense) income   (1,718)   (61)   (2,937)   333 
                     
(Loss) income before income taxes   (4,854)   2,006    (9,828)   4,607 
Income taxes   
    
    
    
 
Net (loss) income  $(4,854)  $2,006   $(9,828)  $4,607 
                     
Net (loss) income per common share:                    
Basic  $(0.10)  $0.04   $(0.20)  $0.10 
Diluted  $(0.10)  $0.04   $(0.20)  $0.10 
                     
Weighted average common shares outstanding:                    
Basic   48,713    48,391    48,552    48,097 
Diluted   48,713    48,788    48,552    48,201 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

2

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

 

   Three Months Ended
April 30,
   Nine Months Ended
April 30,
 
   2022   2021   2022   2021 
Net (loss) income  $(4,854)  $2,006   $(9,828)  $4,607 
Other comprehensive (loss) income:                    
Foreign currency translation adjustments   911    (2)   1,530    (413)
Comprehensive (loss) income  $(3,943)  $2,004   $(8,298)  $4,194 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

3

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 and 2021
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

 

   Common
Stock
Shares
Issued
   Common
Stock
Amount
   Additional
Paid-in
Capital
   Accumulated Deficit   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
   Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Balance at January 31, 2022   48,471,771   $485   $338,021   $(275,351)  $1,971   $65,126 
Net loss for the period ended
April 30, 2022
       
    
    (4,854)   
    (4,854)
Share-based compensation
charges
       
    162    
    
    162 
Exercise of stock options   11,300        28    
    
    28 
Issuance of common stock for employee 401(k) plan match   237,383    2    812    
    
    814 
Foreign currency translation adjustments       
    
    
    911    911 
Balance at April 30, 2022   48,720,454   $487   $339,023   $(280,205)  $2,882   $62,187 

 

   Common
Stock
Shares
Issued
   Common Stock
Amount
   Additional Paid-in Capital   Accumulated Deficit   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income   Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Balance at January 31, 2021   48,227,750   $482   $335,688   $(275,651)  $1,270   $61,789 
Net income for the period ended April 30, 2021       
    
    2,006    
    2,006 
Share-based compensation
charges
       
    297    
    
    297 
Exercise of stock options   34,667    1    96    
    
    97 
Vesting of restricted stock   817    
    
    
    
    
 
Issuance of common stock for employee 401(k) plan match   208,537    2    778            780 
Foreign currency translation adjustments       
    
    
    (2)   (2)
Balance at April 30, 2021   48,471,771   $485   $336,859   $(273,645)  $1,268   $64,967 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

4

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 and 2021
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

 

   Common
Stock
Shares
Issued
   Common Stock
Amount
   Additional Paid-in Capital   Accumulated Deficit   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income   Total
Stockholders’ Equity
 
Balance at July 31, 2021   48,471,771   $485   $337,126   $(270,377)  $1,352   $68,586 
Net loss for the period ended
April 30, 2022
       
    
    (9,828)   
    (9,828)
Share-based compensation
charges
       
    1,057    
    
    1,057 
Exercise of stock options   11,300        28            28 
Issuance of common stock for employee 401(k) plan match   237,383    2    812            814 
Foreign currency translation adjustments       
        
    1,530    1,530 
Balance at April 30, 2022   48,720,454   $487   $339,023   $(280,205)  $2,882   $62,187 

 

   Common
Stock
Shares
Issued
   Common Stock
Amount
   Additional
Paid-in
Capital
   Accumulated Deficit   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income
   Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Balance at July 31, 2020   47,895,050   $479   $334,473   $(278,252)  $1,681   $58,381 
Net income for the period ended April 30, 2021       
        4,607    
    4,607 
Exercise of stock options   34,667    1    96            97 
Share-based compensation
charges
       
    640    
    
    640 
Vesting of restricted stock   817    
    
    
    
    
 
Issuance of common stock for bonus payments   332,700    3    872            875 
Issuance of common stock for employee 401(k) plan match   208,537    2    778            780 
Foreign currency translation adjustments       
        
    (413)   (413)
Balance at April 30, 2021   48,471,771   $485   $336,859   $(273,645)  $1,268   $64,967 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

5

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

 

   Nine Months Ended
April 30,
 
   2022   2021 
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net (loss) income  $(9,828)  $4,607 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:          
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment   1,910    1,724 
Amortization of intangible assets   228    244 
Share-based compensation charges   1,057    640 
Share-based 401(k) employer match expense   645    559 
Foreign exchange loss (gain)   1,788    (494)
Realized loss on marketable securities   1,283     
Unrealized loss on marketable securities       91 
           
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Accounts receivable   (1,556)   (2,292)
Inventories   (2,273)   (3,159)
Prepaid expenses and other assets   179    29 
Accounts payable – trade   (458)   (2,473)
Accrued liabilities, other current liabilities and other liabilities   (495)   803 
Total adjustments   2,308    (4,328)
           
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities   (7,520)   279 
           
Cash flows from investing activities:          
Sales of marketable securities   28,695     
Purchases of marketable securities       (30,023)
Capital expenditures   (3,103)   (2,870)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   25,592    (32,893)
           
Cash flows from financing activities:          
Repayments under mortgage agreement and finance leases   (173)   (283)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options   28    97 
Net cash used in financing activities   (145)   (186)
           
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents   (71)   24 
           
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash   17,856    (32,776)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period   14,274    48,615 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period  $32,130   $15,839 
           
The composition of total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is as follows:          
Cash and cash equivalents   31,130    15,089 
Restricted cash included in other assets   1,000    750 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash  $32,130   $15,839 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

6

 

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of April 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Enzo Biochem, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Enzo Life Sciences, Enzo Clinical Labs, Enzo Therapeutics, Enzo Realty LLC and Enzo Realty II LLC, collectively or with one or more of its subsidiaries referred to as the “Company” or “Companies”. The Company has three reportable segments: Clinical Services, Products, and Therapeutics. The consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income and stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 (the “interim statements”) are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and operating results for the interim periods have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosure, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, have been condensed or omitted. The interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2021 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2022.

 

While the rate of transmission of COVID-19 and its variants is on the decline in the US and the economy has begun to open, it continues to spread in other parts of the world and negatively impacts the world economy. Federal, state and local governmental policies and initiatives designed to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 resulted in, among other things, a significant reduction in physician office visits, the cancellation of elective medical procedures, customers of our products remaining closed or continuing to curtail their operations (voluntarily or in response to government orders), and the continuation of work-from-home policies. The COVID-19 impact on the Company’s operations is consistent with the overall industry and our competitors, partners, and vendors.

 

While the Company anticipates that COVID-19 will continue to impact its business for the rest of fiscal 2022 and potentially beyond, the Company expects that increases in vaccination rates and booster shots, the development of new therapeutics and greater availability of rapid COVID-19 tests will likely result in a continued, significant decline in demand for its COVID-19 testing. As a result, COVID-19 testing volume in fiscal year 2022 has not and likely will not match 2021 levels. Global supply chain issues due to the pandemic continue to hamper both the manufacturing of products within the life science segment as well as testing capabilities in the clinical laboratory.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

7

 

 

COVID-19

 

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company’s business and consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows will depend on numerous evolving factors including, but not limited to: the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent to which it will impact worldwide macroeconomic conditions including, but not limited to, employment rates and health insurance coverage, the speed of the anticipated recovery, and governmental and business reactions to the pandemic. These factors are beyond the Company’s knowledge and control, and as a result, at this time the Company cannot reasonably estimate the impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its businesses but the impact could be material. The Company assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in context with the information reasonably available to the Company and the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 as of April 30, 2022 and through the date of this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, the Company’s patient self-pay revenue concessions and credit losses in the Clinical Services segment, accounts receivable, inventories and the carrying value of goodwill and other long-lived assets. The Company’s future assessment of the magnitude and duration of COVID-19, as well as other factors, could result in additional material impacts to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. We expect COVID-19 testing volume will continue to decline in the quarters ahead as the percentage of Americans who are vaccinated increases, the severity of its variants declines, and the general use of at home testing. However, the emergence and spread of more serious variants may cause our COVID-19 testing volume to increase again. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has moderated and the business and social distancing restrictions have eased, we may continue to experience similar adverse effects to our businesses, consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows resulting from a recessionary economic environment that may persist.

  

Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in the ASU simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify U.S. GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. We adopted the amendments in this ASU beginning August 1, 2021. The adoption of the amendments in this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Adopted

 

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard changes the impairment model for most financial instruments, including trade receivables, from an incurred loss method to a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses.

 

The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adoption of this standard is required for our annual and interim periods beginning August 1, 2023, provided we qualify as a smaller reporting company at the end of fiscal 2022 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

 

We reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and have concluded they are not applicable or not expected to be significant to the accounting for our operations.

 

Concentration Risk

 

Other than the Medicare program, two providers whose programs are included in the “Third-party payers” and “Health Maintenance Organizations” (“HMOs”) categories represent approximately 30% and 35% of Clinical Services net revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively, and 34% of Clinical Services net revenue for both the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

Other than the Medicare program, one provider whose programs are included in the “Third-party payers” and “Health Maintenance Organizations” (“HMOs”) categories represents 20% of the Clinical Services net accounts receivable as of April 30, 2022.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Life Sciences segment’s revenue includes $2,800 from one customer, representing 11% of its revenues for the nine month period.

 

8

 

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The liability method requires that any tax benefits recognized for net operating loss carry forwards and other items be reduced by a valuation allowance where it is not more likely than not the benefits will be realized in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under the liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions, if any, and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

 

We maintain a full valuation allowance on all tax assets and, as a consequence, do not provide any tax benefit for the fiscal 2022 period loss or any tax provision for the fiscal 2021 period pre-tax income.

  

Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company determines fair value measurements used in its consolidated financial statements based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market.

 

Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy. The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below with Level 1 having the highest priority and Level 3 having the lowest.

 

  Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
     
  Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.

 

Marketable securities

 

The Company limits its credit risk associated with investments by investing in a mutual fund and an exchange traded fund (ETF) which hold highly rated corporate bonds, asset backed securities, municipal bonds, mortgage obligations and government obligations. These investments are classified as trading securities and are Level 1 fair value investments. During the three months ended of April 30, 2022, the Company sold all of its marketable securities, resulting in proceeds of $28,695, which is included in cash and cash equivalents. The Company recognized a realized loss - net on the sale of the marketable securities of $1,283 for the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The Company earned interest of $447 on the marketable securities over the holding period of the marketable securities.

 

Note 2 – Net income (loss) per share

 

Basic net income (loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. As a result of the net loss for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, diluted weighted average shares outstanding are the same as basic weighted average shares outstanding, and do not include the potential common shares from stock options, restricted stock units, and unearned performance stock units because to do so would be antidilutive. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, approximately 438,000 and 510,000 respectively, of potential common shares (“in the money options”), restricted stock units, and unearned performance stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) per share. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2021, approximately 47,000 and 23,000 weighted average stock options and unvested performance stock units were included in the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding.

 

9

 

 

For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the effect of approximately 1,319,000 and 1,068,000 of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2021, the effect of approximately 2,264,000 and 2,122,000 of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

  

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

 

Clinical Services Revenue

 

Service revenues in the Company’s clinical services business accounted for 71% of the Company’s total revenues for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, and 76% of the Company’s total revenues for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2021 and are primarily comprised of a high volume of relatively low-dollar transactions. The services business, which provides clinical testing services, satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues upon completion of the testing process for a specific patient and reporting to the ordering physician. The Company may also perform clinical testing services for other laboratories and will recognize revenue from those services when reported to the ordering laboratory. The Company estimates the amount of consideration it expects to receive from customer groups using the portfolio approach. These estimates of the expected consideration include the impact of contractual allowances and price concessions on our customer group portfolios consisting of healthcare insurers, government payers, client payers and patients as described below. Contracts with customers in our laboratory services business do not contain a financing component, based on the typically limited period of time between performance of services and collection of consideration. The transaction price includes variable consideration in the form of the contractual allowance and price concessions as well as the collectability of the transaction based on patient intent and ability to pay. The Company uses the expected value method in estimating the amount of the variability included in the transaction price.

  

The following are descriptions of our laboratory services business portfolios:

 

Third party payers and Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)

 

Reimbursements from third party payers, primarily healthcare insurers and HMOs are based on negotiated fee-for-service schedules and on capitated payment rates. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from such payers, which considers historical collection and denial experience and the terms of the Company’s contractual arrangements. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the third-party payers, are recorded upon settlement.

 

Collection of the consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing complete and correct billing information to these third-party payers within the various filing deadlines, and typically occurs within 30 to 90 days of billing. Provided the Company has billed healthcare insurers accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and if so, will reserve accordingly for the billing.

 

Third-party payers, including government programs, may decide to deny payment or recoup payments for testing that they contend was improperly billed or not medically necessary, against their coverage determinations, or for which they believe they have otherwise overpaid (including as a result of their own error), and we may be required to refund payments already received. Our revenues may be subject to adjustment as a result of these factors among others, including without limitation, differing interpretations of billing and coding guidance and changes by government agencies and payers in interpretations, requirements, and “conditions of participation” in various programs.

 

10

 

 

Government Payer - Medicare

 

Reimbursements from Medicare are based on fee-for-service schedules set by Medicare, which is funded by the government. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from Medicare, which considers historical collection and denial experience and other factors. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the government payers, are recorded upon settlement.

 

Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing the complete and correct billing information within the various filing deadlines and typically occurs within 60 days of billing. Provided the Company has billed the government payer accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and, if so, it will reserve accordingly for the billing.

 

Patient self-pay

 

Uninsured patients are billed based on established patient fee schedules or fees negotiated with physicians on behalf of their patients. Coinsurance and deductible responsibilities based on fees negotiated with healthcare insurers are also billed to insured patients and included in this portfolio. Collection of billings from patients is subject to credit risk and ability of the patients to pay. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of discounts provided to uninsured patients in accordance with the Company’s policies and implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from patients, which considers historical collection experience and other factors including current market conditions. Adjustments to the estimated allowances, based on actual receipts from the patients, are recorded upon settlement. Patient responsibility is invoiced and if it reaches 91 days outstanding, the account is sent to a collection agency for further processing. After the account has been with the collection agency for at least 105 days, and is determined to be uncollectable it is written off.

 

The following table represents clinical services net revenues and percentages by type of customer:

 

   Three months ended
April 30, 2022
   Three months ended
April 30, 2021
 
Revenue category                
Third-party payer  $10,817    58%  $16,135    64%
Medicare   2,436    13    2,952    12 
Patient self-pay   2,177    12    2,468    10 
HMOs   3,200    17    3,463    14 
Total  $18,360    100%  $25,018    100%

 

   Nine months ended
April 30, 2022
   Nine months ended
April 30, 2021
 
Revenue category                
Third-party payer  $36,962    60%  $44,138    63%
Medicare   7,949    13    10,265    15 
Patient self-pay   6,727    11    6,524    9 
HMOs   10,407    16    9,302    13 
Total  $62,045    100%  $70,229    100%

 

For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, all of the Company’s clinical services revenues were generated within the United States.

 

11

 

 

Products Revenue

 

Products revenues consist of the sale of single-use products used in the identification of genomic information and are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment. Payment terms for shipments to end-user and distributor customers may range from 30 to 90 days. Any claims for credit or return of goods may be made generally within 30 days of receipt. Revenues are reduced to reflect estimated credits and returns, although historically these adjustments have not been material. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in revenue, while the related shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of products.

 

Products revenue by geography is as follows:

 

  

Three Months Ended
April 30

  

Nine Months Ended
April 30

 
   2022   2021   2022   2021 
United States  $4,422   $3,941   $15,039   $11,410 
Europe   2,169    2,732    6,576    7,798 
Asia Pacific   1,001    1,106    3,127    3,481 
Products revenue  $7,592   $7,779   $24,742   $22,689 

 

Note 4 - Supplemental disclosure for statement of cash flows

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, interest paid by the Company was $167 and $177, respectively.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, the net reductions in the measurement of right of use assets and liabilities included in cash flows from operating activities was $29 and $67, respectively. The changes are included in changes in accrued liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities in the statement of cash flows.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, tax on capital paid by the Company was $120 and $145, respectively.

 

In January 2021, the Company issued 332,700 restricted shares of common stock to two senior executives in settlement of their accrued bonuses totaling $875.

 

Note 5 – Inventories

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

   April 30,
2022
   July 31,
2021
 
Raw materials  $1,480   $1,062 
Work in process   2,598    2,534 
Finished products   10,856    9,056 
   $14,934   $12,652 

 

Note 6 – Goodwill and intangible assets

 

Goodwill

 

The Company’s net carrying amount of goodwill is in the Clinical Laboratory Services segment and is $7,452 as of April 30, 2022 and July 31, 2021.

 

12

 

 

Intangible assets

 

The Company’s change in the net carrying amount of intangible assets, all in the Life Sciences Products segment is as follows:

 

   Gross   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net 
July 31, 2021  $27,775   $(27,531)  $244 
Amortization expense   
    (210)   (210)
Foreign currency translation   (534)   529    (5)
April 30, 2022  $27,241   $(27,212)  $29 

 

Intangible assets, all finite-lived, consist of the following:

 

   April 30, 2022   July 31, 2021 
   Gross   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net   Gross   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net 
Patents  $11,027   $(11,027)  $
   $11,027    (11,027)  $
 
Customer relationships   11,768    (11,739)   29    12,059    (11,815)   244 
Website and acquired content   1,008    (1,008)   
    1,025    (1,025)   
 
Licensed technology and other   476    (476)   
    494    (494)   
 
Trademarks   2,962    (2,962)   
    3,170    (3,170)   
 
Total  $27,241   $(27,212)  $29   $27,775    (27,531)  $244 

 

At April 30, 2022, information with respect to acquired intangibles is as follows:

 

   Useful life
assigned
   Weighted
average
remaining
useful life
 
Customer relationships  8 -15 years   0.25 years 

 

At April 30, 2022, the weighted average remaining useful life of all intangible assets was less than three months.

 

Note 7 – Long term debt

 

In connection with the purchase of our new facility in November 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary (the “mortgagor subsidiary”) of the Company entered into a Fee Mortgage and Security Agreement (the “mortgage agreement”) with Citibank, N.A. (the “mortgagee”). The mortgage agreement provides for a loan of $4,500 for a term of 10 years, bears a fixed interest rate of 5.09% per annum and requires monthly mortgage payments of principal and interest of $30. Debt issuance costs of $72 are being amortized over the life of the mortgage agreement. The balance of unamortized debt issuance cost was $48 at April 30, 2022. At April 30, 2022, the balance owed by the subsidiary under the mortgage agreement was $4.0 million. The Company’s obligations under the mortgage agreement are secured by the new facility and by a $1,000 cash collateral deposit with the mortgagee as additional security. This restricted cash is included in other assets as of April 30, 2022.

  

The mortgage agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants and events of default, as defined. Events of default include non-payment of principal and interest on debt outstanding, non-performance of covenants, material changes in business, breach of representations, bankruptcy or insolvency, and changes in control. The mortgage includes certain financial covenants. Effective October 2020, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to a covenant restructure whereby the mortgagee waived the Company’s financial ratio covenant for the fiscal period ended July 31, 2020 and modified the mortgage to replace a financial ratio covenant with a liquidity covenant. That liquidity covenant required that we own and maintain at all times and throughout the remaining term of the loan at least $25,000 of liquid assets, defined as time deposits, money market accounts and obligations issued by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. The cash collateral agreement was also modified to require compliance with the liquidity covenant for two consecutive fiscal years before the collateral is released back to us. Effective September 29, 2021, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to further covenant restructuring whereby (a) the liquidity covenant was reduced to 150% (or approximately $6 million at April 30, 2022) of the loan principal from $25 million previously, and (b) the collateral requirement would be increased from $0.75 million to $1.0 million. The Company increased the collateral deposit to $1.0 million in November 2021 and was in compliance as to the liquidity covenant as of April 30, 2022.

 

13

 

 

In April 2020, our subsidiary in Switzerland received a loan of CHF 400 ($400, based on the foreign exchange rate as of April 30, 2022) from the Swiss government under the “Corona Krise” emergency loan program in response to the pandemic. This loan is uncollateralized, bears 0% interest, is due in 5 years, and may be repaid at any time. This loan is included in long term debt – net as of April 30, 2022.

 

Minimum future annual principal payments under these agreements as of April 30, 2022 are as follows:

 

July 31,  Total 
2022  $39 
2023   160 
2024   167 
2025   541 
2026   186 
Thereafter   3,290 
Total principal payments   4,383 
Less: current portion, included in other current liabilities and finance leases short term   (158)
Unamortized mortgage cost   (48)
Long term debt - net  $4,177 

 

Note 8 - Leases

 

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. The Company leases buildings, office space, patient service centers, and equipment primarily through operating leases, and equipment through a limited number of finance leases. Generally, a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the payment obligation arising from the lease, are recognized on the balance sheet at lease commencement based on the present value of the payment obligation. For operating leases, expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, interest expense on the lease liability is recognized using the effective interest method and amortization of the right-of-use asset is recognized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company primarily uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments as the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate.

  

The Company has lease agreements with (i) right-of-use asset payments and (ii) non-lease components (i.e. payments related to maintenance fees, utilities, etc.), which have generally been combined and accounted for as a single lease component. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than 1 year to 6 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years. The Company’s lease terms may include renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised and termination options that are reasonably certain not to be exercised. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation or a market rate which are included in the lease liabilities.

 

14

 

 

Leases   Balance Sheet Classification   April 30,
2022
    July 31,
2021
 
Assets                
Operating   Right-of-use assets   $ 14,962     $ 17,020  
Finance   Property, plant and equipment, net (a)     191       248  
Total lease assets       $ 15,153     $ 17,268  
                     
Liabilities                    
Current:                    
Operating   Current portion of operating lease liabilities   $ 3,171     $ 3,419  
Finance   Finance leases short term     81       88  
                     
Non-current:                    
Operating   Operating lease liabilities, non-current     12,779       14,558  
Finance   Finance leases long term and other liabilities     59       110  
Total lease liabilities       $ 16,090     $ 18,175  

  

(a) Accumulated amortization of finance lease assets was approximately $190 and $1,100 as of April 30, 2022 and July 31, 2021, respectively.

 

Components of lease cost were as follows:

 

   Three months ended
April 30,
   Nine months ended
April 30,
 
   2022   2021   2022   2021 
Operating lease cost  $1,085   $1,271   $3,372   $4,265 
Finance lease cost:                    
Amortization of leased assets   19    19    57    118 
Interest on lease liabilities   3    3    8    12 
Total lease cost  $1,107   $1,293   $3,437   $4,395 

 

The maturity of the Company’s lease liabilities as of April 30, 2022 is as follows: 

 

Maturity of lease liabilities, years ending July 31,  Operating
leases
   Finance
leases
   Total 
2022  $1,064   $22   $1,086 
2023   3,735    88    3,823 
2024   3,561    37    3,598 
2025   3,299    
    3,299 
2026   3,150    
    3,150 
Thereafter   3,224    
    3,224 
Total lease payments   18,033    147    18,180 
Less: Interest (a)   (2,083)   (7)   (2,090)
Present value of lease liabilities  $15,950   $140   $16,090 

 

(a) Primarily calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

   

Lease term and discount rate for the nine months ended April 30 were as follows: 

 

Lease term and discount rate  2022   2021 
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):        
Operating leases   5.0 years    5.8 years 
Finance leases   1.7 years    2.7 years 
           
Weighted-average discount rate:          
Operating leases   4.97%   4.97%
Finance leases   5.20%   8.25%

 

See Note 4 for cash flow information on cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

15

 

 

Note 9 – Accrued Liabilities

 

Accrued liabilities consist of:

 

   April 30,
2022
   July 31,
2021
 
Payroll, benefits, and commissions  $6,445   $5,856 
Professional fees   638    628 
Legal   4,561    2,554 
Deferred revenue   
    2,675 
Other   1,985    2,588 
   $13,629   $14,301 

 

Deferred revenue

 

In order to increase cash flow to providers of services and suppliers impacted by the pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) expanded its Accelerated and Advance Payment Program to a broader group of Medicare providers. We applied for and received a $2,526 payment advance from this program in April 2020. Since the Company had the right to repay the advance at any time, the entire balance was considered current. The recoupment of the advance by CMS started April 2021 and was completed by April 2022. As of July 31, 2021, the deferred revenue related to the CMS payment advance was $1,847.

 

Self-Insured Medical Plan

 

The Company self-funds medical insurance coverage for certain of its U.S. based employees. The risk to the Company is believed to be limited through the use of individual and aggregate stop loss insurance. As of April 30, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the Company has established a reserve of $300 and $347 respectively, which is included in accrued liabilities for payroll, benefits and commissions, for claims that have been reported but not paid and for claims that have been incurred but not reported. The reserve is based upon the Company’s historical payment trends, claim history and current estimates.

  

Note 10 – Stockholders’ Equity

 

Controlled Equity Offering

 

The Company has a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent (“Cantor”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cantor, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”). The Company pays Cantor a commission of 3% of the aggregate gross proceeds received under the Sale Agreement. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of the Shares under the Sales Agreement. The offering of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the sale of all of the Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (b) the termination of the Sales Agreement by Cantor or the Company, as permitted therein. The initial agreement contemplated the sale of shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $20.0 million.

  

In December 2014, the Sales Agreement was amended in order for the Company to offer and sell additional shares of Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of $20.0 million.

 

In September 2017, the Company filed with the SEC a Form S-3 “shelf” registration and sales agreement prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale of our Common Stock that may be issued and sold under the existing Sales Agreement in an aggregate amount of up to $19.2 million. A total of $150 million of securities could have been sold under this shelf registration, which was declared effective September 15, 2017. The Form S-3 expired in October 2020 but may be refiled at any time at the discretion of the Company. During the nine months ended April 30, 2021, the Company did not sell any shares of Common Stock under the Sales Agreement. 

 

16

 

 

Share-based compensation

 

In January 2011, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the 2011 Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) for the issuance of equity awards, including, among others, options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units for up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock. In January 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2011 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2011 Plan”) to increase the number of shares of common stock available for grant under the 2011 Plan by 2,000,000 shares of common stock bringing the total number of shares available for grant to 5,000,000 shares of common stock. On October 7, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, with an effective date of October 7, 2020 and subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders of the Company. The amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan was for purposes of, among other things, (i) increasing the shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan by an additional 4,000,000 shares of common stock bringing the total number of shares available for grant to 9,000,000 shares of common stock and (ii) extending the term of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan until October 7, 2030. In January 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan.

 

The exercise price of options granted under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, is equal to or greater than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, will terminate at the earliest of (a) such time as no shares of common stock remain available for issuance under the plan, (b) termination of the plan by the Company’s Board of Directors, or (c) October 7, 2030. Awards outstanding upon expiration of the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated, will remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or have expired. As of April 30, 2022, there were approximately 4,955,000 shares of common stock available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2011 Plan, as amended and restated.

  

The amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in the periods presented are as follows:

 

   Three months ended
April 30,
   Nine months ended
April 30,
 
   2022   2021   2022   2021 
Stock options  $181   $297   $841   $638 
Performance stock units   (105)   
    57    
 
Restricted stock units   86    
    159    2 
   $162   $297   $1,057   $640 

 

The following table sets forth the amount of expense related to share-based payment arrangements included in specific line items in the accompanying statements of operations:

 

   Three months ended
April 30,
   Nine months ended
April 30,
 
   2022   2021   2022   2021 
Selling, general and administrative  $158   $258   $1,037   $574 
Cost of revenues   4    39    20    66 
   $162   $297   $1,057   $640 

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company recognized additional share-based compensation expense of $225 included in Selling, general and administrative expenses, for the modification of options awards affecting two members of the board of directors who resigned in January 2022. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company reversed $124 of share based compensation expense related to performance stock units awarded to a former executive officer, as vesting in the units is not probable.

 

No excess tax benefits were recognized during the three and nine month periods ended April 30, 2022 and 2021.

 

17

 

 

Stock Option Plans

 

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the nine month period ended April 30, 2022:

 

    Options       Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
    Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
    Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (000s)
 
Outstanding at July 31, 2021       2,504,563     $ 3.74                  
Awarded     1,100,750     $ 3.32                  
Exercised     (11,300     2.49             $    
Cancelled or expired     (406,396 )   $ 7.05                  
Outstanding at end of period     3,187,617     $ 3.18       2.4 years       $ 179  
Exercisable at end of period     1,794,399     $         0.9 years       $ 139   

 

As of April 30, 2022, the total future compensation cost related to non-vested options, not yet recognized in the statements of operations, was $1,954 and the weighted average period over which the remaining expense of these awards is expected to be recognized is approximately twenty six months.

 

The intrinsic value of in the money stock option awards at the end of the period represents the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period in excess of the exercise price multiplied by the number of outstanding options.

  

Performance Stock Units

 

To better align the long-term interest of executives with growing U.S. practices, beginning in fiscal 2018, the Company granted long-term incentive awards in the form of time-based stock options and performance-based stock units (“Performance Stock Units” or “PSUs”). The PSUs earned will be determined over a three-year performance period. The primary performance metrics will be revenue and Adjusted EBITDA growth. Payouts based on revenue and adjusted EBITDA goals will be modified based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) performance relative to Enzo’s peer group. The PSU’s award to executive officers in fiscal 2018 expired in fiscal 2021 as the 3 year growth goals were not achieved.

 

During the fiscal years ended 2020 and 2019, the Company awarded additional PSUs to its executive officers. These awards provide for the grant of shares of our common stock at the end of a three–year period based on the achievement of average revenue growth and adjusted EBITDA growth over the respective period. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company reversed cumulative accruals of $124 for a former officer whose vesting in the PSU is not considered probable, resulting in net PSU compensation (credit) expense of ($105) and $57, respectively. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2021, the Company did not accrue any compensation expense for these PSUs as the achievement of the growth goals was deemed not probable at that time. As of April 30, 2022, two former officers forfeited a total of 14,500 PSUs awarded in fiscal 2019.

 

The following table summarizes PSU’s granted and outstanding as of April 30, 2022:

 

Grant Date   Performance
period
end date
  Total Grant     Forfeitures     Outstanding     Fair
Market
Value
At Grant
Date (000s)
 
10/15/2019   7/31/2022     80,500       (14,500 )     66,000     $ 222  
10/19/2020   7/31/2023     98,600      
      98,600     $ 207  

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

The Company awarded restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to our CEO who was appointed in November 2021. The award was for 260,000 RSUs which vest over three years on the anniversary of his hiring. The fair market value of these RSUs at the date of grant was $881. The Company also awarded 117,189 RSUs to its 3 independent directors in April 2022 whose fair market value was $300. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company recognized shared based compensation expense of $86 and $159, respectively for these RSUs.

 

18

 

 

The following table summarizes RSU activity during the nine month period ended April 30, 2022:

 

    Number of RSUs
outstanding
    Weighted
Average Fair
Value per Unit at
Date of Grant
or Vesting
    Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual  
Term
    Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (000s)
 
Granted     377,189     $ 3.13                  
Vested    
     
                 
Cancelled    
    $
                 
Outstanding at end of period     377,189     $ 3.18       2.36 years       $ 1,181  
Expected to vest at end of period     377,189        $           2.36 years         $ 1,181  

 

See Note 13 for more information with respect to the appointment of the CEO.

 

Note 11 – Segment reporting

 

The Company has three reportable segments: Products, Clinical Services and Therapeutics. The Company’s Products segment develops, manufactures, and markets products to research and pharmaceutical customers. The Clinical Services segment provides diagnostic services to the health care community. The Company’s Therapeutics segment conducts research and development activities for therapeutic drug candidates. The Company evaluates segment performance based on segment income (loss) before taxes. Costs excluded from segment income (loss) before taxes and reported as “Other” consist of corporate general and administrative costs which are not allocable to the three reportable segments. All intersegment activities are eliminated.

 

Legal and related expenses incurred to defend the Company’s intellectual property, which may result in settlements recognized in another segment and other general corporate matters are considered a component of the Other segment. Legal and related expenses specific to other segments’ activities are allocated to those segments. Management of the Company assesses assets on a consolidated basis only and therefore, assets by reportable segment have not been included in the reportable segments below. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

  

The following financial information represents the operating results of the reportable segments of the Company:

 

Three months ended April 30, 2022  Clinical
Services
   Products   Therapeutics   Other   Consolidated 
Revenues  $18,630   $7,592    
    
   $26,222 
                          
Operating costs and expenses:                         
Cost of revenues   11,180    4,869    
    
    16,049 
Research and development   666    458    9    
    1,133 
Selling, general and administrative   6,756    2,786    
    1,900    11,442 
Legal fee expense   12    10    
    712    734 
Total operating costs and expenses   18,614    8,123    9    2,612    29,358 
                          
Operating income (loss)   16    (531)   (9)   (2,612)   (3,136)
                          
Other income (expense):                         
Interest, net   (2)   10    
    46    54 
Other   15    (2)   
    (729)   (716)
Foreign exchange loss   
    (1,056)   
    
    (1,056)
Net income (loss)  $29   $(1,579)  $(9)  $(3,295)  $(4,854)
                          
Depreciation and amortization included above  $430    224    
    78    732 
                          
Share-based compensation included in above:                         
Selling, general and administrative   38    1    
    119    158 
Cost of revenues   4    
    
    
    4 
Total  $42    1    
    119    162 
                          
Capital expenditures  $202    572    
    82    856 

 

19

 

 

Three months ended April 30, 2021  Clinical
Services
   Products   Therapeutics   Other   Consolidated 
Revenues  $25,018   $7,779    
    
   $32,797 
                          
Operating costs and expenses:                         
Cost of revenues   12,733    4,018    
    
    16,751 
Research and development   173    643   $20    
    836 
Selling, general and administrative   7,029    2,810    17   $2,226    12,082 
Legal fee expenses   95    10    
    956    1,061 
Total operating costs and expenses   20,030    7,481    37    3,182    30,730 
                          
Operating income (loss)   4,988    298    (37)   (3,182)   2,067 
                          
Other income (expense):                         
Interest, net   (4)   11    
    53    60 
Other   1    2    
    (91)   (88)
Foreign exchange loss   
    (33)   
    
    (33)
Net income (loss)  $4,985   $278   $(37)  $(3,220)  $2,006 
                          
Depreciation and amortization included above  $399   $208   $
   $66   $673 
                          
Share-based compensation included in above:                         
Selling, general and administrative   9    41    
    208    258 
Cost of revenues   39    
    
    
    39 
Total  $48   $41   $   $208   $297 
                          
Capital expenditures  $1,544   $180   $   $23   $1,747 

 

Nine months ended April 30, 2022  Clinical
Services
   Products   Therapeutics   Other   Consolidated 
Revenues – Services and Products  $62,045   $24,742    
    
   $86,787 
                          
Operating costs and expenses:                         
Cost of revenues   34,969    14,191    
    
    49,160 
Research and development   762    1,901   $34    
    2,697 
Selling, general and administrative   19,568    8,920    
   $8,472    36,960 
Legal and related expenses   217    23    
    4,621    4,861 
Total operating costs and expenses   55,516    25,035    34    13,093    93,678 
                          
Operating income (loss)   6,529    (293)   (34)   (13,093)   (6,891)
                          
Other income (expense):                         
Interest, net   (7)   28    
    140    161 
Other   69    3    
    (1,283)   (1,211)
Foreign exchange (loss)        (1,887)           (1,887)
Net income (loss)  $6,591   $(2,149)  $(34)  $(14,236)  $(9,828)
                          
Depreciation and amortization included above  $1,286   $626   $
   $226   $2,138 
                          
Share-based compensation included in above:                         
Selling, general and administrative   74    2    
    961    1,037 
Cost of revenues   20    
    
    
    20 
Total  $94   $2   $   $961   $1,057 
                          
Capital expenditures  $795   $1,788   $   $520   $3,103 

 

20

 

 

Nine months ended April 30, 2021  Clinical
Services
   Products   Therapeutics   Other   Consolidated 
Revenues – Services and Products  $70,229   $22,689           $92,918 
                          
Operating costs and expenses:                         
Cost of revenues   37,436    11,718            49,154 
Research and development   454    1,868   $66        2,388 
Selling, general and administrative   19,552    7,848    50   $5,659    33,109 
Legal and related expenses   191    16        3,786    3,993 
Total operating costs and expenses   57,633    21,450    116    9,445    88,644 
                          
Operating income (loss)   12,596    1,239    (116)   (9,445)   4,274 
                          
Other income (expense):                         
Interest   (14)   29        (55)   (40)
Other   30    6        (91)   (55)
Foreign exchange gain        428            428 
Net income (loss)  $12,612   $1,702   $(116)  $(9,591)  $4,607 
                          
Depreciation and amortization included above  $1,189   $581   $   $198   $1,968 
                          
Share-based compensation included in above:                         
Selling, general and administrative   28    73        473    574 
Cost of revenues   66                66 
Total  $94   $73   $   $473   $640 
                          
Capital expenditures  $2,425   $378   $   $67   $2,870 

 

Note 12 Contingencies

 

The Company has brought cases in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware (“the Court”), alleging patent infringement against various companies. In 2017, the Court ruled that the asserted claims of the ’180 and ’405 Patents are invalid for nonenablement in cases involving Abbott, Becton Dickinson, Gen-Probe, Hologic, and Roche. That ruling was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Federal Circuit”) in June 2019. Enzo subsequently filed a petition for certiorari regarding the invalidity ruling for the ’180 and ’405 Patents in February 2020; the Supreme Court denied Enzo’s petition on March 30, 2020. There are currently two cases that were originally brought by the Company in the Court. In those two cases, Enzo alleges patent infringement against Becton Dickinson Defendants and Roche Defendants, respectively. The claims in those cases involve the ’197 Patent. Both cases are stayed.

 

21

 

 

In separate inter partes review proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) involving, among others, Becton Dickinson, certain claims of the ’197 Patent were found unpatentable as anticipated or obvious and cancelled by the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (“Board”). Enzo appealed that decision to the Federal Circuit. On August 16, 2019, the Federal Circuit affirmed the Board’s decision, finding that each of the challenged claims is unpatentable. The Company filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc on October 30, 2019, which the Federal Circuit denied on December 4, 2019. The Company filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court on March 3, 2020, which was denied.

 

In April 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Hologic and Grifols, resolving litigation resulting from four cases originally brought by the Company in the Court.  As a result, Enzo dismissed (1) a stayed patent litigation regarding the ’180 and ’197 Patent against Hologic in the Court; (2) the Consolidated Appeals against Gen-Probe and Hologic resulting from two cases filed in the Court, and (3) the Company’s appeal in the litigation involving the ’581 Patent that involved both Hologic and Grifols. As a result of the agreement with Hologic, Hologic withdrew from Enzo’s Federal Circuit appeal of the Board’s adverse rulings in the inter partes review proceedings regarding the ’197 Patent filed by Hologic and joined by Becton Dickinson mentioned above.

 

On September 2, 2021, the PTO issued a non-final office action in an ex parte reexamination concerning the ’197 Patent. In the office action, the PTO rejected certain claims of the ’197 Patent under 35 U.S.C. § 102 and for nonstatutory double-patenting. Enzo responded to the office action on January 3, 2022.

 

On February 5, 2020, Harbert Discovery Fund, LP and Harbert Discovery Co-Investment Fund I, LP (“HDF”) brought an action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and five of its present or former Directors, Dr. Elazar Rabbani, Barry W. Weiner, Dr. Bruce A. Hanna, Dov Perlysky and Rebecca Fischer. On March 26, 2020, HDF filed an amended complaint against the same defendants. Count I asserted the Company violated Section 14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 14a-9 thereunder by disseminating proxy materials that made purportedly false statements. Count II asserted a claim against the individual defendants under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act premised on Enzo’s purported violation of Section 14(a) and Rule 14a-9. Count III asserted the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duty, based on the same conduct and by seeking to entrench themselves. Finally, Count IV purported to assert a derivative claim for a declaration that any amendment to Article II, Section 2 requires the approval of 80% of Enzo’s shareholders. On July 16, 2020, the day before the defendants’ motion to dismiss was due, HDF asked the Court to dismiss their claims without prejudice. Defendants asked HDF to dismiss the claims with prejudice, but they refused. On July 17, 2020, the Court dismissed the claims without prejudice.

 

On November 27, 2020, the Company brought an action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against Harbert Discovery Fund, LP, Harbert Discovery Co-Investment Fund I, LP, Harbert Fund Advisors, Inc., Harbert Management Corp. and Kenan Lucas (together, “Harbert”). The Company alleges Harbert made false and misleading representations, or omitted to state material facts necessary to make their statements not misleading, in proxy materials they disseminated seeking the election to the Company’s Board of Directors at its 2019 Annual Meeting of two candidates they nominated, in violation of Section 14(a) of the 1934 Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 thereunder. The Company seeks damages and injunctive relief. On October 12, 2021, HDF filed nine counterclaims against the Company and present and former directors Dr. Elazar Rabbani, Barry W. Weiner, Dr. Bruce A. Hanna, Dov Perlysky, Rebeca Fischer, Dr. Mary Tagliaferri and Dr. Ian B. Walters. HDF claims the Company made false and misleading representations in proxy materials it disseminated in connection with its 2019 Annual Meeting, in violation of Section 14(a) of the 1934 Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 thereunder, and that the Company’s directors at that time are liable under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act for the Company’s purported misstatements. HDF also claims that current and former Company directors breached their fiduciary duties by taking four corporate actions: (a) adjourning the 2019 meeting for 25 days; (b) purportedly causing the two Harbert candidates for director, who were elected at the 2019 Meeting, to resign in November 2020; (c) authorizing the November 27, 2020 Lawsuit; and (d) not accepting Dr. Rabbani’s resignation as a director in March 2021. On December 9, 2021, the Court granted the motion to dismiss except with respect to the counterclaim that Enzo violated the securities law by announcing on January 20, 2020 that it had decided to “delay” the 2019 annual meeting when it intended to convene and adjourn the meeting (the “Delay Statement”) and the counterclaims that the Company’s directors at that time violated Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Delay Statement. The Court allowed HDF to move for leave to replead with respect to its counterclaims that were dismissed.

 

On June 7, 2022, the Company, Drs. Hanna, Tagliaferri, and Walters, Ms. Fischer, Mr. Perlysky and Harbert executed a settlement agreement. A stipulation of dismissal with prejudice was so ordered by the Court on June 7, 2022.   Pursuant to the terms of the Order: (i) all claims asserted by Harbert against the Company, Drs. Hanna, Tagliaferri, and Walter, Ms. Fischer, and Mr. Perlysky shall be dismissed with prejudice, and (ii) all claims asserted by the Company against Harbert shall be dismissed with prejudice.  Messrs. Rabbani and Weiner did not execute the settlement agreement.

 

22

 

 

There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in any of these litigations. Even if the Company is not successful, management does not believe that there will be a significant adverse monetary impact on the Company. The Company is party to other claims, legal actions, complaints, and contractual disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.

 

As described in Note 3, third-party payers, including government programs, may decide to deny payment or recoup payments for testing that they contend was improperly billed or not medically necessary, against their coverage determinations, or for which they believe they have otherwise overpaid (including as a result of their own error), and we may be required to refund payments already received.

 

Note 13 – Appointment and Departure of Certain Officers

 

Effective November 8, 2021, Enzo appointed Hamid Erfanian as Chief Executive Officer and granted equity awards to him comprised of restricted stock units (RSUs) for 260,000 shares of the common stock of the Company and options to purchase 700,000 shares of common stock of the Company.

 

On January 21, 2022, Elazar Rabbani, Ph.D., the Company’s co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, was provided a notice of termination of his employment by the Company. His termination became effective April 21, 2022, which was 90 days from the date of notice. Dr. Rabbani remains a director of the Company. Dr. Rabbani is a party to an employment agreement with the Company, which entitles him to certain termination benefits, including severance pay, acceleration of vesting of share-based compensation, continuation of benefits and tax gross up certain of these termination benefits. Based on the terms of his employment agreement, the Company estimated and accrued a charge of $2,600, for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The charge was partially offset by the reversal of bonus accruals. In May 2022, the Company paid Dr. Rabbani $2,123 in accordance with terms of the employment contract.

 

On February 25, 2022, Barry Weiner, the Company’s co-founder and President, notified the Company that he was terminating his employment as President of the Company for “Good Reason” as defined in his employment agreement. The Company accepted Mr. Weiner’s termination, effective April 19, 2022 but disagrees with Mr. Weiner’s assertion regarding “Good Reason.” As of April 30, 2022, the Company has not accrued any charges related to Mr. Weiner’s termination.

 

23

 

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

Our disclosure and analysis in this report, including but not limited to the information discussed in this Item 2, contain forward-looking information about our Company’s financial results and estimates, business prospects and products in research and development that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. From time to time, we also may provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historic or current facts. They use words such as “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “project”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “will”, and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operations or financial performance.

 

In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products or product approvals, future performance or results of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, interest rates, foreign currency rates, intellectual property matters, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures we have taken in response, and financial results. We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized, although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and inaccurate assumptions. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could vary materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. As a result, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Investors should bear this in mind as they consider forward-looking statements. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement that we make, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. We are also affected by other factors that may be identified from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, some of which are set forth in Item 1A - Risk Factors in our Form 10-K filing for the July 31, 2021 fiscal year. You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although we have attempted to provide a list of important factors which may affect our business, investors are cautioned that other factors may prove to be important in the future and could affect our operating results.

 

You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors or to assess the impact of each factor or combination of factors on our business. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

 

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic

 

COVID-19 has severely impacted the economy of the United States and other countries around the world. Federal, state and local governmental policies and initiatives designed to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and its variants have resulted in, among other things, a significant reduction in physician office visits, the cancellation of elective medical procedures, customers of our products closing or severely curtailing their operations (voluntarily or in response to government orders), and the adoption of work-from-home or shelter-in-place policies. The COVID-19 impact on the Company’s operations is consistent with the overall industry and publicly issued statements from competitors, partners, and vendors.

 

Enzo was granted FDA Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) and EUA extensions for our molecular diagnostic and serological testing for COVID-19 and related antibody testing options, for our sample collection kit, an innovative virus-inactivating specimen collection media that lessens transmission risks for healthcare providers and clinical laboratory personnel, for our use of pooled samples, and for our rapid extraction method. Other innovations include the development of more relevant positive controls for the tests, and improved sensitivity. During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, we experienced growing demand for COVID-19 testing and we made significant investments to expand our capacity throughout the period in order to satisfy the demand, which substantially increased our testing volumes.

 

24

 

 

While the Company anticipates that COVID-19 will continue to impact its business in the second half of fiscal 2022 and potentially beyond, the Company expects that increases in vaccination rates and booster shots, the development of new therapeutics and greater availability of rapid COVID-19 tests should result in a continued, significant decline in demand for COVID-19 Testing, in the Company’s region. As a result, COVID-19 Testing demand in fiscal year 2022 is not anticipated to match 2021 levels. Global supply chain issues due to the pandemic continue to hamper both the manufacturing of products within the life science segment as well as testing capabilities in the clinical laboratory.

 

Overview

 

Enzo Biochem, Inc. (the “Company” “we”, “our” or “Enzo”) is an integrated diagnostics, clinical lab, and life sciences company focused on delivering and applying advanced technology capabilities to produce affordable reliable products and services that enable our customers to meet their clinical needs. Through a connection with the market, we provide advanced biotechnology solutions to the global community as affordable and flexible quality products and services. We develop, manufacture and sell our proprietary technology solutions and platforms to clinical laboratories, specialty clinics, researchers and physicians globally. Enzo’s structure and business strategy represent the culmination of years of extensive planning and work.  The Company has the unique ability to offer low cost, high performance products and services for diagnostic testing, which ideally positions us to capitalize on the reimbursement pressures facing diagnostic labs. Our pioneering work in genomic analysis coupled with our extensive patent estate and enabling platforms have positioned the Company to continue to play an important role in the rapidly growing molecular medicine marketplaces.

 

Enzo develops low cost diagnostic platform products and related services. Our platform development includes automation-compatible reagent systems and associated products for sample collection and processing through analysis. We develop affordable products and services to improve healthcare, one of the greatest challenges today. Enzo combines over 40 years of expertise in technology development with assay development capabilities and diagnostic testing services to create high performance, cost-effective, and open assay solutions. The ability to combine these assets in one company is unique. With our strong intellectual property portfolio integrated with assay development know-how, production, distribution, validation and services capabilities, we have enabled sustainable products and services for a market that is facing increasing pressure in costs and reimbursement.

 

Enzo technology solutions and platforms and unique operational structure are designed to reduce overall healthcare costs for both government and private insurers. Our proprietary technology platforms reduces our customers’ need for multiple, specialized instruments, and offer a variety of high throughput capabilities together with a demonstrated high level of accuracy and reproducibility. Our genetic test panels are focused on large and growing markets primarily in the areas of personalized medicine, women’s health, infectious diseases and genetic disorders.

 

In the course of our research and development activities, we have built a substantial portfolio of intellectual property assets, comprised of approximately 472 issued patents worldwide and over 64 pending patent applications, along with extensive enabling technologies and platforms.

 

Below are brief descriptions of each of our operating segments (See Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements):

 

Enzo Clinical Services is a clinical reference laboratory providing a wide range of clinical services to physicians, medical centers, other clinical labs and pharmaceutical companies. The Company believes having a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (“CLIA”) certified and College of American Pathologists (“CAP”) accredited medical laboratory located in New York provides us the opportunity to more rapidly introduce cutting edge products and services to the clinical marketplace. Enzo Clinical Labs offers an extensive menu of molecular and other clinical laboratory tests and procedures used in patient care by physicians to establish or support a diagnosis, monitor treatment or medication, and search for an otherwise undiagnosed condition. Our laboratory is equipped with state-of-the-art communication and connectivity solutions enabling the rapid transmission, analysis and interpretation of generated data. We operate a full service clinical laboratory in Farmingdale, New York, a network of over 30 patient service centers throughout New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, two free standing “STAT” or rapid response laboratories in New York City and Connecticut, an in-house logistics department, and an information technology department. Under our license in New York State, we are able to offer testing services to clinical laboratories and physicians nationwide.

 

25

 

 

The Clinical Laboratory Services reporting unit is impacted by various risk factors, including among others, reduced reimbursements from third party payers for testing performed and from recent health care legislation. Despite the growth we have experienced in previous years, there can be no assurance future growth can be achieved. The introduction of new molecular and esoteric tests is expected to increase our revenue per test and could offset impacts from the above factors. The Company anticipates improved profitability with increased service volume.

 

Enzo Products manufactures, develops and markets products and tools for clinical research, drug development and bioscience research customers worldwide. Underpinned by broad technological capabilities, Enzo Life Sciences has developed proprietary products used in the identification of genomic information by laboratories around the world. Information regarding our technologies can be found in the “Core Technologies” section of our most recently filed Form 10-K. We are internationally recognized and acknowledged as a leader in the development, manufacturing validation and commercialization of numerous products serving not only the clinical research market, but also the life sciences markets in the fields of cellular analysis and drug discovery, among others. Our operations are supported by global operations allowing for the efficient marketing and delivery of our products around the world.

 

Enzo Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical venture that has developed multiple novel approaches in the areas of gastrointestinal, infectious, ophthalmic and metabolic diseases, many of which are derived from the pioneering work of Enzo Life Sciences. Enzo Therapeutics has focused its efforts on developing treatment regimens for diseases and conditions for which current treatment options are ineffective, costly, and/or cause unwanted side effects. This focus has generated a clinical and preclinical pipeline, as well as numerous patents and patent applications.  

 

Results of Operations

Three months ended April 30, 2022 compared to April 30, 2021
(in 000s)

 

Comparative Financial Data for the Three Months Ended April 30,

 

   2022   2021   Favorable (Unfavorable)  

%

Change

 
                 
Revenues  $26,222   $32,797   $(6,575)   (20)
                     
Operating costs and expenses:                    
Cost of revenues   16,049    16,751    702    4 
Research and development   1,133    836    (297)   (36)
Selling, general and administrative   11,442    12,082    640    5 
Legal and related expenses, net   734    1,061    327    31 
Total operating costs and expenses   29,358    30,730    1,372    4 
                     
Operating (loss) income   (3,136)   2,067    (5,203)   ** 
                     
Other income (expense):                    
Interest, net   54    60    (6)   (10)
Other   (716)   (88)   (628)   ** 
Foreign currency loss   (1,056)   (33)   (1,023)   ** 
Total other (expense)   (1,718)   (61)   (1,657)   ** 
                     
Net (loss) income  $(4,854)  $2,006   $(6,860)   ** 
                     
Net (loss) income per common share:                    
Basic  $(0.10)  $0.04           
Diluted  $(0.10)  $0.04           
Weighted average common shares outstanding:                    
Basic   48,713    48,391           
Diluted   48,713    48,788           

 

** not meaningful

 

26

 

 

Consolidated Results:

 

The “2022 period” and the “2021 period” refer to the three months ended April 30, 2022 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

 

Impacts of COVID-19

 

In July 2020, Enzo was granted FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for its molecular diagnostic and serological testing for COVID-19 and related antibody testing options. In January 2021, Enzo received an expansion of its Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorizing the use of pooled samples containing up to five individual swab specimens with the Company’s AMPIPROBE® SARS-Cov-2 Test System utilizing tests on three different platforms including Enzo’s proprietary GENFLEX® automated high-throughput platform. In July 2021, Enzo received an expansion of its FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the Company’s rapid extraction method on its proprietary test system.

 

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced significant volatility, including periods of material decline compared to prior year periods in testing volume in our base business and periods of significant demand for COVID-19 testing services, with demand generally fluctuating in line with changes in the prevalence of the virus and its related variants. Compared to historical levels, our revenue per requisition has been positively impacted by COVID-19 molecular testing. While the Company anticipates that COVID-19 will continue to impact its business for the rest of fiscal 2022 and potentially beyond, the Company expects that increases in vaccination rates and booster shots, the development of new therapeutics and greater availability of rapid COVID-19 tests will likely result in a continued, significant decline in demand for COVID-19 testing for the foreseeable future. We experienced a sequential quarter decrease in Clinical laboratory services revenues of $5.0 million in the 2022 period when compared to the second quarter ended January 31, 2022 based on decreased COVID-19 testing. As a result, COVID-19 testing revenues for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2022 have not and likely will not match fiscal 2021 levels.

 

In March 2022, the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (“HRSA”) informed providers that, after March 22, 2022, it would stop accepting claims for testing and treatment for uninsured individuals under the HRSA COVID-19 Uninsured Program and that claims submitted prior to that date would be subject to eligibility and availability of funds. Although we believe that our estimates for contractual allowances and patient price concessions are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. If the HRSA receives additional funding, it might again accept claims under the Uninsured Program.

 

Clinical services revenues for the 2022 period were $18.6 million compared to $25.0 million in the 2021 period, a decrease of $6.4 million or 26%. Revenues from COVID-19 testing represented 43% and 59% of Clinical revenues in the 2022 and 2021 periods, respectively, due to lower volume as well as pricing pressures. Diagnostic testing volume measured by the total number of accessions for all our testing services decreased approximately 23% period over period, resulting in the 2022 period’s revenue decrease.

  

Estimated collection amounts are subject to the complexities and ambiguities of third-party payer billing, reimbursement regulations and claims processing, as well as issues unique to Medicare and Medicaid programs, and require us to consider the potential for adjustments when estimating variable consideration in the recognition of revenue in the period that the related services are rendered. In 2014, Congress passed the U.S. Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA), which included substantial changes to the way in which clinical laboratory services are paid under Medicare. Beginning in 2018, Medicare payments for clinical laboratory services are paid based upon the volume-weighted median of private payer rates as reported by certain clinical laboratories across the US, replacing the previous system which was based upon fee schedules derived from historical charges for clinical laboratory tests. We estimate that the effect of PAMA directly negatively impacted reimbursements from Medicare and Medicaid in each of the 2022 and 2021 periods by approximately $0.3 million.

 

27

 

 

Product revenues were $7.6 million in the 2022 period and $7.8 million in the 2021 period, a decrease of $0.2 million or 2%. We experienced a decrease in sales in both the European and Asia Pacific markets, nearly offset by an increase in the US market.

 

The cost of Clinical Services was $11.2 million in the 2022 period and $12.7 million in the 2021 period, a decrease of $1.5 million or 12% due to the decline in revenues. During the 2022 period, reagent and outside reference testing expenses declined $2.1 million, which was partially offset by an increase in labor expenses of $0.6 million. The gross profit margin on Clinical Services revenues in the 2022 period was approximately 40% versus 49% in the 2021 period, due to the decline in COVID-19 testing, which has higher margins than non-specialty testing.

 

The cost of Product revenues was $4.9 million in the 2022 period and $4.0 million in the 2021 period, an increase of $0.9 million or 21%. The gross profit margin on Products was 36% in the 2022 period and 48% in the 2021 period. The 2022 period gross profit was negatively impacted by increased manufacturing headcount, increases in the cost of materials consumed, and the product mix sold.

 

Research and development expenses were $1.1 million in the 2022 period and $0.8 million in the 2021 period, an increase of $0.3 million or 36%. Research activities include lab developed tests (LDTs) for sexually transmitted infection (STI) panels and the detection of COVID-19.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $11.4 million during the 2022 period versus $12.1 million during the 2021 period, a decrease of $0.6 million or 5%. The Clinical Services expense decreased $0.3 million due to lower commission compensation earned on lower services revenues. The Other segment expense decreased $0.3 million, net primarily due to a reversal of accumulated performance stock unit compensation expense of $0.1 million related to a former executive and a decrease in consulting and other professional fees. The Life Sciences Products expense was unchanged period over period.

 

Legal and related expenses were $0.7 million during the 2022 period compared to $1.0 million in the 2021 period, a decrease of $0.3 million or 31%. Legal activities were slightly lower as the Company is working to reduce its legal initiatives and other corporate expenses.

 

Interest income, net was approximately $0.1 million in both the 2022 and 2021 periods and was earned on marketable securities in bond funds, and is net of interest expense primarily incurred on a mortgage.

 

Other (expense) in the 2022 period was $(0.7) million compared to $(0.1) million in the 2021 period, an unfavorable variance of approximately $0.6 million. During the 2022 period, the primary component of the expense was realized losses on marketable securities in bond funds. As of the end of the 2022 period, we had sold all our holdings in these bond funds.

  

The foreign currency revaluation loss recognized by the Life Sciences Products segment during the 2022 period was $1.1 million compared to nil in the 2021 period. The 2022 period revaluation loss was due to depreciation of the Euro, British pound and Swiss franc versus the U.S. dollar ranging from 4.4% to 6.4% as of the end of the period compared to its start. The slight revaluation loss in the 2021 period was due to depreciation of the Euro, British pound and Swiss franc versus the U.S. dollar ranging from 0.5% to 2.1% as of the end of that period compared to its start.

 

28

 

 

Results of Operations

Nine months ended April 30, 2022 compared to April 30, 2021
(in 000s)

 

Comparative Financial Data for the Nine Months Ended April 30,

 

   2022   2021   Favorable (Unfavorable)  

%

Change

 
                 
Revenues  $86,787   $92,918   $(6,131)   (7)
                     
Operating costs and expenses:                    
Cost of revenues   49,160    49,154    (6)   ** 
Research and development   2,697    2,388    (309)   (13)
Selling, general and administrative   36,960    33,109    (3,851)   (12)
Legal and related expenses, net   4,861    3,993    (868)   (22)
Total operating costs and expenses   93,678    88,644    (5,034)   (6)
                     
Operating (loss) income   (6,891)   4,274    (11,165)   ** 
                     
Other income (expense):                    
Interest, net   161    (40)   201    ** 
Other   (1,211)   (55)   (1,156)   ** 
Foreign currency (loss) gain   (1,887)   428    (2,315)   ** 
Total other income (expense)   (2,937)   333    (3,270)   **  
                     
Net (loss) income  $(9,828)  $4,607   $(14,435)   ** 
                     
Net (loss) income per common share:                    
Basic  $(0.20)  $0.10           
Diluted  $(0.20)  $0.10           
Weighted average common shares outstanding:                    
Basic   48,552    48,097           
Diluted   48,552    48,201           

 

** not meaningful

 

Consolidated Results:

 

The “2022 period” and the “2021 period” refer to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and April 30, 2021, respectively, which represent the three quarters of the Company’s fiscal year ending July 31.

 

Clinical services revenues for the 2022 period were $62.0 million compared to $70.2 million in the 2021 period, a decrease of $8.2 million or 12%. Revenues from COVID-19 testing represented 49% and 52% of Clinical revenues in the 2022 and 2021 periods, respectively, due to lower volume as well as pricing pressures. Diagnostic testing volume measured by the total number of accessions for all our testing services decreased approximately 13% period over period, which resulted in the 2022 period’s revenue decrease.

 

Estimated collection amounts are subject to the complexities and ambiguities of third-party payer billing, reimbursement regulations and claims processing, as well as issues unique to Medicare and Medicaid programs, and require us to consider the potential for adjustments when estimating variable consideration in the recognition of revenue in the period that the related services are rendered. In 2014, Congress passed the U.S. Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA), which included substantial changes to the way in which clinical laboratory services are paid under Medicare. Beginning in 2018, Medicare payments for clinical laboratory services are paid based upon the volume-weighted median of private payer rates as reported by certain clinical laboratories across the US, replacing the previous system which was based upon fee schedules derived from historical charges for clinical laboratory tests. We estimate that the effect of PAMA directly negatively impacted reimbursements from Medicare and Medicaid in the 2022 and 2021 periods by $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

 

29

 

 

Product revenues were $24.7 million in the 2022 period and $22.7 million in the 2021 period, an increase of $2.0 million or 9%. During the 2022 period, we completed a bulk sale of a GMP reagent to a large industrial customer in the US in the amount of $2.8 million. It is not known at this time if there will be repeat sales to this customer. Excluding this bulk sale, an increase in sales in the US market was not enough to offset larger declines in both the European and Asia Pacific markets. During the first quarter of the 2022 period, we completed the winding down and closure of our manufacturing and distribution center in Ann Arbor, MI and moved the operations to our Farmingdale, NY campus. As a result of the winding down, we experienced some disruption in the manufacture and distribution of our products, and experienced delays in product availability and fulfillment, which particularly impacted our customers in Europe. These disruptions were resolved during by latter part of the 2022 period.

 

The cost of Clinical Services was $35.0 million in the 2022 period and $37.4 million in the 2021 period, a decrease of $2.4 million or 7%, in line with the decline in revenues. During the 2022 period, we reduced our outside reference testing costs for COVID-19 by approximately $3.2 million by utilizing our internal manufacturing capabilities, thereby reducing some of our reliance on testing and reagents sourced from third parties, as compared to the 2021 period, and from lower COVID-19 accessions in the 2022 period. Due to lower accessions for testing other than COVID-19, reagent costs declined $1.4 million in the 2022 period. These cost reductions were partially offset by higher personnel costs related to COVID-19 testing, totaling $2.0 million and other costs of $0.2 million. The gross profit margin on Clinical Services revenues in the 2022 and 2021 periods was approximately 44% and 47% respectively. The lower margin in the 2022 period was due to the decline in COVID-19 testing, which has higher margins than non-specialty testing.

 

The cost of Product revenues was $14.2 million in the 2022 period and $11.7 million in the 2021 period, an increase of $2.5 million or 21%. The gross profit margin on Products was 43% in the 2022 period and 48% in the 2021 period. During the 2022 period, we completed the winding down and closure of our manufacturing and distribution center in Ann Arbor, MI and moved the operations to our Farmingdale, NY campus. As a result of the operational transition, there was a temporary increase and overlap in manufacturing headcount and overhead costs during the beginning of the period, which negatively affected the 2022 period gross profit margin.

 

Research and development expenses were $2.7 million in the 2022 period and $2.4 million in the 2021 period, an increase of $0.3 million or 13%. Research activities include lab developed tests (LDTs) for sexually transmitted infection (STI) panels and the detection of COVID-19.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $37.0 million during the 2022 period versus $33.1 million during the 2021 period, an increase of $3.9 million or 12%. The Life Sciences Products expense increased $1.1 million during the 2022 period, of which $0.4 million was due to employee severance expenses associated with the completion of the winding down and closure of our manufacturing and distribution center in Ann Arbor, MI and the cost of moving its operations to our Farmingdale, NY campus at the beginning of the period. The segment also experienced increases in marketing expenses such as website ads, promotions and campaigns, trade shows, an increase in sales and marketing headcount, and an increase in facility expenses such as maintenance and utilities. The Other segment expense increased $2.8 million during the 2022 period and includes compensation expense (on a net basis) of $1.3 million for a former executive’s severance. The expense also increased in the 2022 period by $0.8 million for bonus accruals and share based compensation and $0.7 million for salaries, benefits and facility costs. The Clinical Services expense was unchanged period over period as lower commissions earned in the 2022 period were offset by increases in other compensation and facility costs.

 

Legal and related expenses were $4.9 million on a net basis during the 2022 period compared to $4.0 million in the 2021 period, an increase of $0.9 million or 22%. During the 2022 period, we incurred higher legal expense for activities associated with strategic initiatives and other corporate matters, which were partially offset by the recognition of a credit of $1.0 million associated with a fee settlement and release agreement with a former legal services provider.

 

Interest income, net was $0.2 million in the 2022 period versus interest (expense), net of less than $(0.1) million in the 2021 period, a favorable variance of $0.2 million. During the 2022 period, we earned interest on marketable securities in bond funds, net of interest expense primarily on a mortgage. During the 2021 period, we were not invested in interest earning marketable securities until the latter part of that period, earned insignificant interest on cash and cash equivalents, and incurred interest expense on the mortgage.

 

30

 

 

Other expense in the 2022 period was $1.2 million and less than $0.1 million in the 2021 period, an unfavorable variance of $1.2 million. During the 2022 period, the primary component of the expense was realized losses, net on marketable securities in bond funds of $1.3 million. As of the end of the 2022 period, we had sold all our holdings in these bond funds. During the 2022 and 2021 periods, we earned interest from these investments approximating $0.3 million and $0.1 million respectively, which amounts are included in interest income, net.

 

The foreign currency revaluation (loss) gain recognized by the Life Sciences Products segment during the 2022 period was $(1.9) million compared to a gain of $0.4 million in the 2021 period, an unfavorable variance of $2.3 million. The 2022 period revaluation loss was due to the substantial depreciation of the Euro, British pound and Swiss franc versus the U.S. dollar as of the end of the period compared to its start, ranging from 7.0% to 11.2%. The revaluation gain in the 2021 period was due to appreciation of the Euro, British pound and Swiss franc versus the U.S. dollar as of the end of that period compared to its start, ranging from 0% to 5.8%.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At April 30, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $31.1 million of which $0.6 million was in foreign accounts, as compared to cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $43.5 million, of which $0.9 million was in foreign accounts at July 31, 2021. It is the Company’s current intent to permanently reinvest these foreign funds outside of the United States, and its current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund its United States operations.

 

The Company had working capital of $37.6 million at April 30, 2022, compared to $44.5 million at July 31, 2021, a decrease of $6.9 million. The decrease in working capital was due to the use of cash and cash equivalents to fund operations and capital expenditures.

 

Net cash used in operating activities during the 2022 period was approximately $7.5 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $0.3 million during the 2021 period, an unfavorable variance of $7.8 million. The net cash used in the 2022 period was due to the net loss of $9.8 million, a net increase of $3.6 million in operating assets, primarily accounts receivable and inventories, and a net decrease of $1.0 million in operating liabilities, primarily accrued liabilities and accounts payable. These uses were partially offset by non-cash expense adjustments of $6.9 million. The net cash provided by operating activities in the 2021 period of $0.3 million was due to the net income of $4.6 million and net non-cash expenses of approximately $2.8 million which were partially offset by a net increase of $7.1 million in operating assets including, but not limited to, accounts receivable and inventories.

 

Net cash provided by investing activities during the 2022 period was approximately $25.6 million as compared to cash used in investing activities of $32.9 million in the 2021 period. During the 2022 period, we sold all of the marketable securities we had purchased in the 2021 period. Capital expenditures in the 2022 and 2021 periods were $3.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively and represent expenditures to support and grow our existing operations, including investments in laboratory equipment, information technology, and the buildout of our Farmingdale campus.

 

Cash used in financing activities in the 2022 and 2021 periods approximated $0.2 million for payments related to a mortgage and finance leases.

 

As of April 30, 2022 we had a mortgage principal balance of $4.0 million entered into for the purchase of a building facility, which bears a fixed interest rate of 5.09% per annum. It requires monthly mortgage payments of $30. Our obligations under the mortgage agreement are secured by the facility and by a $1,000 cash collateral deposit with the mortgagee as additional security, which is included in other assets as of April 30, 2022. Effective October 19, 2020, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to a covenant restructure whereby the mortgagee waived the Company’s financial ratio covenant for the fiscal period ended July 31, 2020 and modified the mortgage to replace a financial ratio covenant with a liquidity covenant. The liquidity covenant required that we own and maintain at all times, and throughout the remaining term of the loan, at least $25 million of liquid assets, defined as time deposits, money market accounts and commercial paper, and obligations issued by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. The cash collateral agreement was also modified to require compliance with the liquidity covenant for two consecutive fiscal years before the collateral is released back to us. As of July 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with the financial and liquidity covenants in effect at that time related to this mortgage.

 

31

 

 

Effective September 29, 2021, the Company and the mortgagee agreed to further covenant restructuring whereby (a) the liquidity covenant was reduced to 150% of the loan principal (or approximately $6 million at April 30, 2022) from $25 million previously, and (b) the collateral requirement would be increased from $0.75 million to $1.0 million. The Company increased the collateral deposit to $1.0 million in November 2021 and was in compliance with the liquidity covenant as of April 30, 2022.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

There have been no material changes to our Contractual Obligations as reported in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021. Management is not aware of any material claims, disputes or settled matters concerning third party reimbursement that would have a material effect on our financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

The Company does not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

General and estimates

 

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon Enzo Biochem, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements, certain information and footnote disclosure, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, have been condensed or omitted, as permitted under rules promulgated by the Security and Exchange Commission. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and judgments also affect related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

 

On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contractual expense, allowance for uncollectible accounts, inventory, operating lease liabilities, goodwill and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Revenues – Clinical Services

 

Contractual Adjustment

 

The Company’s estimate of contractual adjustment is based on significant assumptions and judgments, such as its interpretation of payer reimbursement policies, and bears the risk of change. The estimation process is based on the experience of amounts approved as reimbursable and ultimately settled by payers, versus the corresponding gross amount billed to the respective payers. The contractual adjustment is an estimate that reduces gross revenue, based on gross billing rates, to amounts expected to be approved and reimbursed.

 

Gross billings are based on a standard fee schedule we set for all third-party payers, including Medicare, HMOs and managed care. The Company adjusts the contractual adjustment estimate quarterly, based on its evaluation of current and historical settlement experience with payers, industry reimbursement trends, and other relevant factors. The other relevant factors that affect our contractual adjustment include the monthly and quarterly review of: 1) current gross billings and receivables and reimbursement by payer, 2) current changes in third party arrangements and 3) the growth of in-network provider arrangements and managed care plans specific to our Company.

 

32

 

 

Our clinical business is primarily dependent upon reimbursement from third-party payers, such as Medicare (which principally serves patients 65 and older) and insurers. We are subject to variances in reimbursement rates among different third-party payers, as well as constant changes of reimbursement rates. Changes that decrease reimbursement rates or coverage would negatively impact our revenues. The number of individuals covered under managed care contracts or other similar arrangements has grown over the past several years and may continue to grow in the future. In addition, Medicare and other government healthcare programs continue to shift to managed care. These trends will continue to reduce our revenues from these programs.

 

During the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, the contractual adjustment percentages, determined using current and historical reimbursement statistics, was 83.3% and 81.2% respectively, of gross billings. During the nine months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, the contractual adjustment percentages, determined using current and historical reimbursement statistics, was 82.5% and 82.2% respectively, of gross billings. In general, the Company believes a decline in reimbursement rates or a shift to managed care or similar arrangements may be offset by the positive impact of an increase in the number of tests we perform. However, there can be no assurance that we can increase the number of tests we perform or that if we do increase the number of tests we perform, that we can maintain that higher number of tests performed, or that an increase in the number of tests we perform would result in increased revenue.

 

The Company estimates (by using a sensitivity analysis) that each 1% point change in the contractual adjustment percentage could result in a change in clinical services revenues of approximately $3.5 million and $3.9 million for the nine months periods ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively, and a change in the net accounts receivable of approximately $0.4 million as of April 30, 2022.

  

Our clinical services financial billing system records gross billings using a standard fee schedule for all payers and does not record contractual adjustment by payer at the time of billing. Therefore, we are unable to quantify the effect contractual adjustments recorded during the current period have on revenue recorded in a previous period. However, we can reasonably estimate our monthly contractual adjustment to revenue on a timely basis based on our quarterly review process, which includes:

 

  an analysis of industry reimbursement trends;

 

  an evaluation of third-party reimbursement rates changes and changes in reimbursement arrangements with third-party payers;

 

  a rolling monthly analysis of current and historical claim settlement and reimbursement experience statistics with payers; and

 

  an analysis of current gross billings and receivables by payer.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, which is estimated and recorded in the period of the related revenue.

 

The following is a table of the Company’s net accounts receivable by services and by products. Net receivables for Clinical Services are detailed by billing category and as a percent to its total net receivables. At April 30, 2022 and July 31, 2021, approximately 66% and 59%, respectively of the Company’s net accounts receivable relates to its Clinical Laboratory Services business, which operates in the New York, New Jersey and Connecticut medical communities.

 

The accounts receivable balance for Life Science products includes foreign receivables of $0.9 million or 22% and $1.4 million or 33% of its total receivables as of April 30, 2022 and July 31, 2021, respectively.

  

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Net accounts receivable

 

Billing category  As of
April 30,
2022
   As of
July 31,
2021
 
Clinical Services                
Third party payers  $3,271    42%  $2,195    36%
Patient self-pay   2,887    37    2,007    33 
Medicare   781    10    1,122    19 
HMOs   836    11    692    12 
Total Clinical Services   7,775    100%   6,016    100%
Total Life Sciences   3,986         4,182      
Total accounts receivable - net  $11,761        $10,198      

 

The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables from third party payers is critical to its operating performance and cash flows. The primary collection risk lies with uninsured patients or patients for whom primary insurance has paid but a patient portion remains outstanding. The Company also assesses the current state of its billing functions in order to identify any known collection or reimbursement issues in order to assess the impact, if any, on the allowance estimates, which involves judgment. The collection of these receivables is not guaranteed from Third Party Payers.

  

The Company believes that the collectability of its receivables is directly linked to the quality of its billing processes, most notably, those related to obtaining the accurate patient information in order to bill effectively for the services provided. Should circumstances change (e.g. shift in payer mix, decline in economic conditions or deterioration in aging of receivables), our estimates of net realizable value of receivables could be reduced by a material amount. As of April 30, 2022, approximately 20% of Clinical Labs receivables are from one provider whose programs are included in the “Third-party payers” and “Health Maintenance Organizations” (“HMOs”) categories.

 

Billing for clinical services is complicated because of many factors, especially: the differences between our standard gross fee schedule for all payers and the reimbursement rates of the various payers we deal with, disparity of coverage and information requirements among the various payers, and disputes with payers as to which party is responsible for reimbursement.

  

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The liability method requires that any tax benefits recognized for net operating loss carry forwards and other items be reduced by a valuation allowance where it is not more likely than not the benefits will be realized in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under the liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions, if any, and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

 

Inventory

 

The Company values inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, which approximates market. Work-in-process and finished goods inventories consist of material, labor, and manufacturing overhead. Write downs of inventories to net realizable value are based on a review of inventory quantities on hand and estimated sales forecasts based on sales history and anticipated future demand. Unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and require additional write downs of inventory which would impact our results of operations.

 

34

 

 

Leases - right of use assets and operating lease liabilities

 

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. The Company leases buildings, office space, patient service centers, and equipment primarily through operating leases, and equipment through a limited number of finance leases. Generally, a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the payment obligation arising from the lease, are recognized on the balance sheet at lease commencement based on the present value of the payment obligation. For operating leases, expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, interest expense on the lease liability is recognized using the effective interest method and amortization of the right-of-use asset is recognized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company primarily uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments as the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate. The Company has lease agreements with (i) right-of-use asset payments and (ii) non-lease components (i.e. payments related to maintenance fees, utilities, etc.,) which have generally been combined and accounted for as a single lease component.

 

On at least an annual basis, we perform a review of our business to determine if events or changes in circumstances have occurred that indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount of an asset group, including long lived assets such as right of use assets, is not recoverable. If such events or changes in circumstances were deemed to have occurred, we would perform an impairment test of such long lived assets and record any noted impairment loss.

 

Goodwill, Intangible and long-lived assets

 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Intangible assets (exclusive of patents), arose primarily from acquisitions, and primarily consist of customer relationships, trademarks, licenses, and website and database content. These finite-lived intangible assets are amortized according to their estimated useful lives, which range from 4 to 15 years.

 

The Company tests goodwill annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. In assessing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company is not required to perform any additional tests in assessing goodwill for impairment. However, if the Company concludes otherwise or elects not to perform the qualitative assessment, then it identifies the reporting units and compares the fair value of each of these reporting units to their respective carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is higher than its fair value, the impairment charge is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

  

The Company reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets (including finite lived intangible assets) of an asset or asset group for impairment annually as of the end of the fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist.

 

Should indicators of impairment exist, the carrying values of the assets are evaluated in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of an asset or asset group. The net book value of the long-lived asset is adjusted to fair value if its expected future undiscounted cash flow is less than its book value.

 

35

 

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the operations of our foreign subsidiaries and which impact our results of operations and financial position. See Item 1A. Risk Factors section of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021. We do not currently engage in any hedging or market risk management tools.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

 

The financial reporting of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Since the functional currency of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is the local currency, foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Assuming a hypothetical increase of 10% in the value of the U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies at April 30, 2022, our assets and liabilities would decrease by $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and our net revenues and net income (loss) would decrease by $0.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, on an annual basis.

 

We also maintain intercompany balances and loans with subsidiaries in different local currencies. These amounts are at risk of foreign exchange losses if exchange rates fluctuate. Assuming a hypothetical increase of 10% in the value of the U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies, our pre-tax earnings (loss) would be unfavorably impacted by approximately $1.9 million on an annual basis.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

As of April 30, 2022, we have fixed interest rate financing on a building mortgage and equipment finance leases.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management conducted an evaluation (as required under Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined under the Exchange Act), under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports.

 

(b) Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended April 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

36

 

 

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

There have been no other material developments with respect to previously reported legal proceedings discussed in the annual report on Form 10-K, as amended for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, other than as noted in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of April 30, 2022.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021.

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit
No.
  Exhibit
     
31.1   Certification of Hamid Erfanian pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
31.2   Certification of David Bench pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.1   Certification of Hamid Erfanian pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.2   Certification of David Bench pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
101. INS*   Inline XBRL Instance Document.
     
101. SCH*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
     
101. CAL*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
     
101.DEF*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
     
101.LAB*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
     
101.PRE*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
     
104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

 

* XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is being furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

37

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

  ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
  (Registrant)
     
Date: June 9, 2022 by: /s/ David Bench
   

Chief Financial Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer

 

 

38

 

 

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