Note 3 – Net income (loss) per share

Basic net income (loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of potential common shares, consisting of outstanding stock options, and unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units, is determined using the treasury stock method. As a result of the net loss for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, diluted weighted average shares outstanding are the same as basic weighted average shares outstanding, and do not include the potential common shares from stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, assumed conversion of debentures, or unearned performance stock units because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2024, the effect of approximately 1,832,000 and 2,542,000, respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares and the effect of approximately 77,000 and 133,000, respectively, of outstanding restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2024, the effect of approximately 848,000 and 688,000, respectively, of shares related to warrants and the effect of approximately 1,688,000 and 1,438,000, respectively of shares related to the assumed conversion of debentures were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, approximately 173,000 and 105,000, respectively, of potential common shares from “in the money options” and unvested restricted stock and performance stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) per share because their effect would be antidilutive. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the effect of approximately 4,097,000 and 3,627,000, respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.